Marquee along SVG scaling issue

[dancrump1]

When implementing a different SVG path than the provided example, an issue came up for me. The offsetPath on the motion.div does not scale the same as the <svg><path></svg> above it. The size of the travel the images takes depends on the string value for path.

Sorry if this isn't explained well. I can get the SVG to scale, but the mapped motion.div's remain the size outlined by the value i pass to d={path}. Moving the motion.div inside the SVG doesn't do anything, but making the motion.div a motion.g now allows the SVG to scale the offset-path value.

UPDATED RETURN for marquee:

return (
		<div
			ref={container}
			onPointerDown={handlePointerDown}
			onPointerMove={handlePointerMove}
			onPointerUp={handlePointerUp}
			onPointerCancel={handlePointerUp}
			className={cn("relative", className)}
		>
			<svg
				xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
				width={width}
				height={height}
				viewBox={viewBox}
				preserveAspectRatio={preserveAspectRatio}
			>
				{/* Path for visualization */}
				<path
					id={id}
					d={path}
					className="w-full"
					stroke={showPath ? "currentColor" : "none"}
					fill="none"
					ref={pathRef}
				/>

				{/* Animate each item along the path */}
				{items.map(({ child, repeatIndex, itemIndex, key }) => {
					const itemOffset = useTransform(baseOffset, (v) => {
						const position = (itemIndex * 100) / items.length;
						const wrappedValue = wrap(0, 100, v + position);
						return easing
							? easing(wrappedValue / 100) * 100
							: wrappedValue;
					});

					const x = useMotionValue(0);
					const y = useMotionValue(0);
					const zIndex = useTransform(currentOffsetDistance, (value) =>
						calculateZIndex(value)
					);

					useEffect(() => {
						const pathEl = pathRef.current;
						if (!pathEl) return;

						const totalLength = pathEl.getTotalLength();

						const unsubscribe = itemOffset.on(
							"change",
							(value: string) => {
								const percent = parseFloat(value) / 100;
								const point = pathEl.getPointAtLength(
									percent * totalLength
								);
								x.set(point.x);
								y.set(point.y);
							}
						);

						return unsubscribe;
					}, [itemOffset]);

					const cssVariables = Object.fromEntries(
						(cssVariableInterpolation || []).map(
							({ property, from, to }) => [
								property,
								useTransform(
									currentOffsetDistance,
									[0, 100],
									[from, to]
								),
							]
						)
					);

					return (
						<motion.g
							key={key}
							className={cn(
								"along-element relative",
								draggable && grabCursor && "cursor-grab"
							)}
							style={{
								offsetDistance: itemOffset,
								zIndex: enableRollingZIndex ? zIndex : undefined,
								translateX: x,
								translateY: y,
								...cssVariables,
							}}
							aria-hidden={repeatIndex > 0}
							onMouseEnter={() => (isHovered.current = true)}
							onMouseLeave={() => (isHovered.current = false)}
						>
							{child}
						</motion.g>
					);
				})}
			</svg>
		</div>
	);

[danielpetho]

hey Daniel!

Sorry this is my bad, since I completely left out the responsivity part.

I will update the component soon, but in the meantime, pls check out this article.

It's a step by step tutorial for this exact component I wrote for Codrops, so integrating the correct scaling should be hopefully easy. The relevant part is at the Responsiveness section, with 3 different techniques how to make it truly responsive.

If you're having problem implementing it, please make a Codesandbox and I'll try to help.

[dancrump1]

No worries on updating. Your article made it super easy, but I enjoyed trying to figure out the strategies you outlined myself first. I'll grab that npm lib you pointed out and give that a try. It'll probably be way cleaner than what I could craft in my code-freeze time :D

[danielpetho]

nice, I'm glad it worked!

the trick is actually from jhey, so full credits to him:)

I'm going to keep this open until it's fixed though.

[dancrump1]

Here is the current implementation I am running. Current assumptions are the svg viewbox sizing. These should be updated with the correct sizing for each SVG. Definitely not perfect! I'm sure you have something stronger than this already, it came basically from your article. Mostly posting for anyone struggling with using images.

chrome_skfYzzY7r4.mp4

import React, {
	RefObject,
	useCallback,
	useEffect,
	useMemo,
	useRef,
	useState,
} from "react";

import * as d3 from "d3";
import {
	motion,
	SpringOptions,
	useAnimationFrame,
	useMotionValue,
	useScroll,
	useSpring,
	useTransform,
	useVelocity,
} from "motion/react";

type MarqueeAlongPathProps = {
	children: React.ReactNode;
	path: string;
	baseVelocity: number;
	repeat?: number;
	zIndexBase?: number;
	enableRollingZIndex?: boolean;
	scrollContainerRef: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>;
};

type MarqueeItemProps = {
	baseOffset: any;
	itemIndex: number;
	totalItems: number;
	repeatIndex: number;
	zIndexBase: number;
	scaledPath: string;
	isHovered: React.MutableRefObject<boolean>;
	children: React.ReactNode;
};

const wrap = (min: number, max: number, value: number): number => {
	const range = max - min;
	return ((((value - min) % range) + range) % range) + min;
};

type PreserveAspectRatioAlign =
	| "none"
	| "xMinYMin"
	| "xMidYMin"
	| "xMaxYMin"
	| "xMinYMid"
	| "xMidYMid"
	| "xMaxYMid"
	| "xMinYMax"
	| "xMidYMax"
	| "xMaxYMax";

interface CSSVariableInterpolation {
	property: string;
	from: number | string;
	to: number | string;
}

type PreserveAspectRatioMeetOrSlice = "meet" | "slice";

type PreserveAspectRatio =
	| PreserveAspectRatioAlign
	| `${Exclude<
			PreserveAspectRatioAlign,
			"none"
	  >} ${PreserveAspectRatioMeetOrSlice}`;

interface MarqueeAlongSvgPathProps {
	children: React.ReactNode;
	className?: string;

	// Path properties
	path: string;
	pathId?: string;
	preserveAspectRatio?: PreserveAspectRatio;
	showPath?: boolean;

	// SVG properties
	width?: string | number;
	height?: string | number;
	viewBox?: string;

	// Marquee properties
	baseVelocity?: number;
	direction?: "normal" | "reverse";
	easing?: (value: number) => number;
	slowdownOnHover?: boolean;
	slowDownFactor?: number;
	slowDownSpringConfig?: SpringOptions;

	// Scroll properties
	useScrollVelocity?: boolean;
	scrollAwareDirection?: boolean;
	scrollSpringConfig?: SpringOptions;
	scrollContainer?: RefObject<HTMLElement> | HTMLElement | null;

	// Item repetition
	repeat?: number;

	// Drag properties
	draggable?: boolean;
	dragSensitivity?: number;
	dragVelocityDecay?: number;
	dragAwareDirection?: boolean;
	grabCursor?: boolean;

	// Z-index properties
	enableRollingZIndex?: boolean;
	zIndexBase?: number;
	zIndexRange?: number;

	cssVariableInterpolation?: CSSVariableInterpolation[];
}

/**
 * Parse SVG path string into coordinate points using D3
 * This extracts the actual coordinates from the path for scaling
 */
const parsePathToPoints = (
	pathString: string,
	maxSamples: number = 100
): Array<[number, number]> => {
	const points: Array<[number, number]> = [];

	// Create a temporary SVG element to parse the path
	const svg = d3.create("svg");
	const path = svg.append("path").attr("d", pathString);

	// Sample points along the path
	const pathNode = path.node() as SVGPathElement;
	if (pathNode) {
		const totalLength = pathNode.getTotalLength();

		// If the path is too long, sample only a subset of points. Majes
		const numSamples = Math.min(maxSamples, totalLength);

		for (let i = 0; i <= numSamples; i++) {
			const point = pathNode.getPointAtLength(
				(i / numSamples) * totalLength
			);
			points.push([point.x, point.y]);
		}
	}

	return points;
};

/**
 * Create a scaled path using D3's line generator
 * This is the approach recommended in the CSS-Tricks article
 */
const createScaledPath = (
	originalPath: string,
	originalWidth: number,
	originalHeight: number,
	newWidth: number,
	newHeight: number
): string => {
	// Parse the original path into points
	const points = parsePathToPoints(originalPath);

	// Create scales for X and Y coordinates
	const xScale = d3
		.scaleLinear()
		.domain([0, originalWidth])
		.range([0, newWidth]);

	const yScale = d3
		.scaleLinear()
		.domain([0, originalHeight])
		.range([0, newHeight]);

	// Scale the points
	const scaledPoints = points.map(
		([x, y]) => [xScale(x), yScale(y)] as [number, number]
	);

	// Create a smooth curve using D3's line generator
	const line = d3
		.line()
		.x((d) => d[0])
		.y((d) => d[1])
		.curve(d3.curveBasis); // Use basis curve for smooth interpolation

	return line(scaledPoints) || "";
};

const MarqueeItem = ({
	baseOffset,
	itemIndex,
	totalItems,
	repeatIndex,
	zIndexBase,
	scaledPath,
	isHovered,
	children,
}: MarqueeItemProps) => {
	const itemOffset = useTransform(baseOffset, (v: number) => {
		const position = (itemIndex * 100) / totalItems;
		const wrappedValue = wrap(0, 100, v + position);
		return `${wrappedValue}%`;
	});

	const zIndex = useTransform(itemOffset, (v) => {
		const progress = parseFloat(v.replace("%", ""));
		return Math.floor(zIndexBase + progress);
	});

	const opacity = useTransform(itemOffset, (v) => {
		const progress = parseFloat(v.replace("%", "")) / 100;
		const x = 2 * progress - 1;
		return Math.pow(1 - Math.pow(Math.abs(x), 10), 2);
	});

	return (
		<motion.div
			className="marquee-item absolute top-0 left-0"
			style={{
				offsetPath: `path('${scaledPath}')`,
				offsetDistance: itemOffset,
				offsetRotate: "auto",
				zIndex: zIndex,
				// opacity: opacity,
			}}
			aria-hidden={repeatIndex > 0}
			onMouseEnter={() => (isHovered.current = true)}
			onMouseLeave={() => (isHovered.current = false)}
		>
			{children}
		</motion.div>
	);
};

const MarqueeAlongPath = ({
	children,
	path,
	scrollContainerRef,
	pathId,
	preserveAspectRatio = "xMidYMid meet",
	showPath = false,

	// SVG defaults
	width = "100%",
	height = "100%",
	viewBox = "0 0 200 1000",

	// Marquee defaults
	baseVelocity = 5,
	direction = "normal",
	easing,
	slowdownOnHover = false,
	slowDownFactor = 0.3,
	slowDownSpringConfig = { damping: 50, stiffness: 400 },

	// Scroll defaults
	useScrollVelocity = false,
	scrollAwareDirection = false,
	scrollSpringConfig = { damping: 50, stiffness: 400 },
	scrollContainer,

	// Items repetition
	repeat = 3,

	// Drag defaults
	draggable = false,
	dragSensitivity = 0.2,
	dragVelocityDecay = 0.96,
	dragAwareDirection = false,
	grabCursor = false,

	// Z-index defaults
	enableRollingZIndex = true,
	zIndexBase = 1, // Base z-index value
	zIndexRange = 10, // Range of z-index values to use

	cssVariableInterpolation = [],
}: MarqueeAlongPathProps) => {
	const baseOffset = useMotionValue(0);

	const springConfig = {
		stiffness: 100,
		damping: 20,
	};

	// Scroll tracking
	const { scrollY } = useScroll({
		container: scrollContainer as RefObject<HTMLDivElement>,
	});

	const scrollVelocity = useVelocity(scrollY);
	const smoothVelocity = useSpring(scrollVelocity, scrollSpringConfig);

	const smoothScrollVelocity = useSpring(scrollVelocity, springConfig);

	const scrollVelocityFactor = useTransform(
		smoothScrollVelocity,
		[0, 1000],
		[0, 5],
		{ clamp: false }
	);

	const items = useMemo(() => {
		const childrenArray = React.Children.toArray(children);

		return childrenArray.flatMap((child, childIndex) =>
			Array.from({ length: repeat }, (_, repeatIndex) => {
				const itemIndex = repeatIndex * childrenArray.length + childIndex;
				const key = `${childIndex}-${repeatIndex}`;
				return {
					child,
					childIndex,
					repeatIndex,
					itemIndex,
					key,
				};
			})
		);
	}, [children, repeat]);

	const currentOffsetDistance = useMotionValue(0);

	// Function to calculate z-index based on offset distance
	const calculateZIndex = useCallback(
		(offsetDistance: number) => {
			if (!enableRollingZIndex) {
				return undefined;
			}

			// Simple progress-based z-index
			const normalizedDistance = offsetDistance / 100;
			return Math.floor(zIndexBase + normalizedDistance * zIndexRange);
		},
		[enableRollingZIndex, zIndexBase, zIndexRange]
	);

	// Generate a random ID for the path if not provided
	const id =
		pathId || `marquee-path-${Math.random().toString(36).substring(7)}`;

	// Hover and drag state tracking
	const isHovered = useRef(false);
	const isDragging = useRef(false);
	const dragVelocity = useRef(0);

	// Direction factor for changing direction based on scroll or drag
	const directionFactor = useRef(direction === "normal" ? 1 : -1);

	// Motion values for animation
	const hoverFactorValue = useMotionValue(1);
	const defaultVelocity = useMotionValue(1);
	const smoothHoverFactor = useSpring(hoverFactorValue, slowDownSpringConfig);

	// Transform scroll velocity into a factor that affects marquee speed
	const velocityFactor = useTransform(
		useScrollVelocity ? smoothVelocity : defaultVelocity,
		[0, 1000],
		[0, 5],
		{ clamp: false }
	);
	useAnimationFrame((_, delta) => {
		if (isHovered.current) {
			hoverFactorValue.set(0.3);
		} else {
			hoverFactorValue.set(1);
		}

		let moveBy =
			((baseVelocity * delta) / 1000) *
			directionFactor.current *
			smoothHoverFactor.get();

		if (scrollVelocityFactor.get() < 0) {
			directionFactor.current = -1;
		} else if (scrollVelocityFactor.get() > 0) {
			directionFactor.current = 1;
		}

		moveBy += directionFactor.current * moveBy * scrollVelocityFactor.get();

		baseOffset.set(baseOffset.get() + moveBy);
	});

	const wrapperRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);

	// Toggle between scaling methods: 1 or 2
	const [useScaleMethod] = useState<1 | 2>(2);

	// Scale method #1
	const marqueeContainerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
	// Original SVG dimensions
	const originalWidth = 800;
	const originalHeight = 400;

	useEffect(() => {
		if (useScaleMethod === 1) {
			// Scale method #1: CSS transform scale
			const updateScale = () => {
				const wrapper = wrapperRef.current;
				const marqueeContainer = marqueeContainerRef.current;
				if (!wrapper || !marqueeContainer) return;

				const scale = wrapper.clientWidth / originalWidth;
				marqueeContainer.style.transform = `scale(${scale})`;
				marqueeContainer.style.transformOrigin = "top left";
			};

			updateScale();
			window.addEventListener("resize", updateScale);
			return () => window.removeEventListener("resize", updateScale);
		}
	}, []);

	// Scale method #2 with D3
	const [scaledPath, setScaledPath] = useState(path);
	const [currentViewBox, setCurrentViewBox] = useState(
		`0 0 ${originalWidth} ${originalHeight}`
	);

	useEffect(() => {
		if (useScaleMethod === 2) {
			// Scale method #2: D3 path scaling
			const updatePath = () => {
				const wrapper = wrapperRef.current;
				if (!wrapper) return;

				const containerWidth = wrapper.clientWidth;
				const containerHeight = wrapper.clientHeight;

				// Use D3 to create the scaled path
				const newPath = createScaledPath(
					path,
					originalWidth,
					originalHeight,
					containerWidth,
					containerHeight
				);

				setScaledPath(newPath);
				setCurrentViewBox(`0 0 ${containerWidth} ${containerHeight}`);
			};

			updatePath();
			window.addEventListener("resize", updatePath);
			return () => window.removeEventListener("resize", updatePath);
		}
	}, [path]);

	return (
		<div
			className="container w-full relative overflow-x-hidden overflow-y-visible"
			ref={wrapperRef}
		>
			<svg
				width="100%"
				height="100%"
				viewBox={currentViewBox}
				fill="none"
				xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
			>
				<path d={scaledPath} stroke="black" fill="none" />
			</svg>
			<div
				className="marquee-container absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full"
				ref={marqueeContainerRef}
			>
				{items.map(({ child, repeatIndex, itemIndex, key }) => (
					<MarqueeItem
						key={key}
						baseOffset={baseOffset}
						itemIndex={itemIndex}
						totalItems={items.length}
						repeatIndex={repeatIndex}
						zIndexBase={zIndexBase}
						scaledPath={scaledPath}
						isHovered={isHovered}
					>
						{child}
					</MarqueeItem>
				))}
			</div>
		</div>
	);
};

export default MarqueeAlongPath;

[danielpetho]

No I have the same implementation haha, so if anyone reading this have something better feel free to throw it here or open a PR:)

[dancrump1]

I'm dropping this into a website and noticed the mobile performance was a bit touchy. Asked Cursor to optimize performance for mobile and here's the output. Verified on personal mobile device, recalculating the path on screen resize is significantly faster, though the fidelity of the path for the images to follow is reduced for mobile. Still important to pass in a height and width for each SVG used.

No guarantees this is an improvement. Please review before implementing! My testing showed marked improvements, but may have missed critical bugs / issues.

Performance Optimizations Summary
Optimized the MarqueeAlongPath component for mobile. Changes:

1. Adaptive path sampling
   Reduced samples from 10,000 to 500 on mobile
   Adaptive step size based on path complexity
   Minimum 50 samples to maintain quality
2. Caching
   Added pathCache to avoid re-parsing paths
   Added scaledPathCache (limited to 10 entries) for scaled paths
   Reduces redundant calculations
3. Debounced resize handler
   Debounced resize events (250ms on mobile, 100ms on desktop)
   Uses requestIdleCallback on mobile for non-blocking path calculations
   Added passive: true to resize listener
4. Animation frame throttling
   Throttled to ~60fps on mobile (16ms intervals)
   Desktop remains unlimited for smoother animations
5. GPU acceleration
   Added willChange: "transform" and transform: "translateZ(0)" to animated elements
   Forces GPU compositing for smoother animations
6. SVG rendering optimization
   Uses shapeRendering: "optimizeSpeed" on mobile
   Desktop uses "geometricPrecision" for quality
7. Simpler curves on mobile
   Uses d3.curveLinear on mobile instead of d3.curveBasis
   Reduces computation while maintaining visual quality
8. Mobile detection
   Detects mobile devices for adaptive optimizations
   Applies optimizations only when needed
   These changes should improve mobile performance while maintaining desktop quality. The component now uses fewer resources on mobile devices.
   Note: The remaining linter error about missing @types/d3 is pre-existing. You can fix it by running:
   npm install --save-dev @types/d3

Optimizations for orientation change performance

1. ResizeObserver instead of window resize
   More efficient and fires immediately when the element size changes
   Better for orientation changes than window resize events
2. Immediate viewBox update
   Updates the SVG viewBox immediately on resize
   Provides instant visual feedback while the path recalculates
3. Reduced delays
   Changed from 250ms debounce + 1000ms requestIdleCallback to 50ms timeout
   Path calculation happens in requestAnimationFrame for smoother updates
4. Dimension change detection
   Only recalculates if dimensions change by more than 1px
   Avoids unnecessary work during rapid resize events
5. Asynchronous path calculation
   Path calculation is deferred and non-blocking
   UI remains responsive during orientation changes
6. Batched updates
   Short timeout (50ms) batches rapid resize events
   Prevents multiple calculations during orientation transitions
   These changes should reduce the 4-second delay to under 100ms. The viewBox updates immediately, and the path recalculates asynchronously without blocking the UI.
   The component should now:
   Respond instantly to orientation changes (viewBox updates immediately)
   Calculate the new path in the background (50ms delay + animation frame)
   Avoid unnecessary recalculations (dimension change detection)

Smoothing improvements

1. Smoother curve interpolation
   Changed from d3.curveLinear to d3.curveCardinal.tension(0.5) on mobile
   Creates smooth curves between points instead of straight lines
   Reduces snapping between path segments
2. Increased path sampling
   Increased minimum samples from 50 to 200 on mobile
   Better sampling ratio (1.5 instead of 2) for denser point distribution
   More points = smoother motion
3. Path quality
   The curveCardinal with proper tension creates gradual curves
   Rotation changes should be more gradual since the path itself is smoother
   These changes should reduce snapping. The curveCardinal interpolation creates smooth Bézier curves between points, so the element follows a curved path rather than straight segments.

import React, { RefObject, useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";

import * as d3 from "d3";
import {
	motion,
	useAnimationFrame,
	useMotionValue,
	useScroll,
	useSpring,
	useTransform,
	useVelocity,
} from "motion/react";

import { path3 } from "../client-utils/background-paths";
import { cn } from "../client-utils/cn";

// Cache for parsed paths to avoid re-parsing
const pathCache = new Map<string, Array<[number, number]>>();

// Cache for scaled paths (limited size to prevent memory issues)
const scaledPathCache = new Map<string, string>();

// Detect mobile device for performance optimizations
const isMobile = typeof window !== "undefined" && 
	(window.innerWidth < 768 || /Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent));

type MarqueeAlongPathProps = {
	children?: React.ReactNode;
	path: string;
	baseVelocity?: number;
	repeat?: number;
	zIndexBase?: number;
	enableRollingZIndex?: boolean;
	scrollContainerRef?: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>;
	scrollContainer?: RefObject<HTMLDivElement>;
	className?: string;
	direction?: "normal" | "reverse";
	slowDownSpringConfig?: { damping: number; stiffness: number };
	useScrollVelocity?: boolean;
	scrollSpringConfig?: { damping: number; stiffness: number };
	width?: number | string;
	height?: number | string;
	showPath?: boolean;
};

type MarqueeItemProps = {
	baseOffset: ReturnType<typeof useMotionValue<number>>;
	itemIndex: number;
	totalItems: number;
	repeatIndex: number;
	zIndexBase: number;
	scaledPath: string;
	isHovered: React.MutableRefObject<boolean>;
	children: React.ReactNode;
};

/**
 * Wraps a number between a min and max value
 * @param min The minimum value
 * @param max The maximum value
 * @param value The value to wrap
 * @returns The wrapped value between min and max
 */
const wrap = (min: number, max: number, value: number): number => {
	const range = max - min;
	return ((((value - min) % range) + range) % range) + min;
};

/**
 * Parse SVG path string into coordinate points using D3
 * This extracts the actual coordinates from the path for scaling
 * Optimized for mobile with adaptive sampling
 */
const parsePathToPoints = (
	pathString: string,
	maxSamples: number = 10000
): Array<[number, number]> => {
	// Check cache first
	const cacheKey = `${pathString}-${maxSamples}`;
	if (pathCache.has(cacheKey)) {
		return pathCache.get(cacheKey)!;
	}

	const points: Array<[number, number]> = [];

	// Create a temporary SVG element to parse the path
	const svg = d3.create("svg");
	const path = svg.append("path").attr("d", pathString);

	// Sample points along the path
	const pathNode = path.node() as SVGPathElement;
	if (pathNode) {
		const totalLength = pathNode.getTotalLength();

		// Adaptive sampling: reduce samples on mobile for better performance
		// Use fewer samples but ensure minimum quality
		const adaptiveMaxSamples = isMobile 
			? Math.min(1000, maxSamples) // Much fewer samples on mobile
			: Math.min(maxSamples, totalLength);
		
		// Use adaptive step size based on path complexity
		// Increase minimum samples for smoother motion, especially on mobile
		const numSamples = Math.max(
			isMobile ? 200 : 50, // More samples on mobile for smoother curves
			Math.min(adaptiveMaxSamples, Math.ceil(totalLength / (isMobile ? 1.5 : 1)))
		);

		for (let i = 0; i <= numSamples; i++) {
			const point = pathNode.getPointAtLength(
				(i / numSamples) * totalLength
			);
			points.push([point.x, point.y]);
		}
	}

	// Cache the result
	pathCache.set(cacheKey, points);
	return points;
};

/**
 * Create a scaled path using D3's line generator
 * This is the approach recommended in the CSS-Tricks article
 * Memoized for performance
 */
const createScaledPath = (
	originalPath: string,
	originalWidth: number,
	originalHeight: number,
	newWidth: number,
	newHeight: number
): string => {
	// Cache key for scaled paths
	const cacheKey = `${originalPath}-${originalWidth}-${originalHeight}-${newWidth}-${newHeight}`;
	
	// Check cache first
	if (scaledPathCache.has(cacheKey)) {
		return scaledPathCache.get(cacheKey)!;
	}

	// Parse the original path into points (this is cached internally)
	const points = parsePathToPoints(originalPath);

	// Create scales for X and Y coordinates
	const xScale = d3
		.scaleLinear()
		.domain([0, originalWidth])
		.range([0, newWidth]);

	const yScale = d3
		.scaleLinear()
		.domain([0, originalHeight])
		.range([0, newHeight]);

	// Scale the points
	const scaledPoints = points.map(
		([x, y]) => [xScale(x), yScale(y)] as [number, number]
	);

	// Create a smooth curve using D3's line generator
	// Use curveCardinal on mobile (smoother than linear, faster than basis)
	// curveCardinal provides smooth interpolation with good performance
	const line = d3
		.line<[number, number]>()
		.x((d: [number, number]) => d[0])
		.y((d: [number, number]) => d[1])
		.curve(isMobile ? d3.curveCardinal.tension(0.5) : d3.curveBasis); // Smooth curve on mobile, basis on desktop

	const result = line(scaledPoints) || "";
	
	// Cache with size limit (keep last 10 scaled paths)
	if (scaledPathCache.size > 10) {
		const firstKey = scaledPathCache.keys().next().value;
		if (firstKey) {
			scaledPathCache.delete(firstKey);
		}
	}
	scaledPathCache.set(cacheKey, result);
	
	return result;
};

const MarqueeItem = ({
	baseOffset,
	itemIndex,
	totalItems,
	repeatIndex,
	// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
	zIndexBase: _zIndexBase, // Available for future use with dynamic z-index
	scaledPath,
	isHovered,
	children,
}: MarqueeItemProps) => {
	const itemOffset = useTransform(baseOffset, (v: number) => {
		const position = (itemIndex * 100) / totalItems;
		const wrappedValue = wrap(0, 100, v + position);
		return `${wrappedValue}%`;
	});

	// Use with multiple images when svg causes them to overlap
	// Note: zIndex transform is available but not currently used in style
	// To enable dynamic z-index based on position, uncomment:
	// const zIndex = useTransform(itemOffset, (v) => {
	// 	const progress = parseFloat(v.replace("%", ""));
	// 	return Math.floor(zIndexBase + progress);
	// });
	// Then use it in the style prop: zIndex: zIndex

	return (
		<motion.div
			className="marquee-item absolute top-0 left-0"
			style={{
				offsetPath: `path('${scaledPath}')`,
				offsetDistance: itemOffset,
				// "auto" makes element follow path direction
				// The smooth curveCardinal path should make rotation changes gradual
				offsetRotate: "auto",
				zIndex: 1,
				// GPU acceleration hints for better performance
				willChange: "transform",
				transform: "translateZ(0)", // Force GPU acceleration
			}}
			aria-hidden={repeatIndex > 0}
			onMouseEnter={() => (isHovered.current = true)}
			onMouseLeave={() => (isHovered.current = false)}
		>
			{children}
		</motion.div>
	);
};

const MarqueeAlongPath = ({
	children,
	path,
	baseVelocity = 5,
	direction = "normal",
	slowDownSpringConfig = { damping: 50, stiffness: 400 },
	useScrollVelocity = false,
	scrollSpringConfig = { damping: 50, stiffness: 400 },
	scrollContainer,
	repeat = 0,
	zIndexBase = 1,
	className,
	width,
	height,
}: MarqueeAlongPathProps) => {
	const baseOffset = useMotionValue(0);

	// Scroll tracking
	const { scrollY } = useScroll({
		container: scrollContainer as RefObject<HTMLDivElement>,
	});

	const scrollVelocity = useVelocity(scrollY);
	const smoothVelocity = useSpring(scrollVelocity, scrollSpringConfig);

	const items = useMemo(() => {
		const childrenArray = React.Children.toArray(children);

		return childrenArray.flatMap((child, childIndex) =>
			Array.from({ length: repeat }, (_, repeatIndex) => {
				const itemIndex = repeatIndex * childrenArray.length + childIndex;
				const key = `${childIndex}-${repeatIndex}`;
				return {
					child,
					childIndex,
					repeatIndex,
					itemIndex,
					key,
				};
			})
		);
	}, [children, repeat]);

	// Hover and drag state tracking
	const isHovered = useRef(false);

	// Direction factor for changing direction based on scroll or drag
	const directionFactor = useRef(direction === "normal" ? 1 : -1);

	// Motion values for animation
	const hoverFactorValue = useMotionValue(1);
	const defaultVelocity = useMotionValue(1);
	const smoothHoverFactor = useSpring(hoverFactorValue, slowDownSpringConfig);

	// Transform scroll velocity into a factor that affects marquee speed
	const velocityFactor = useTransform(
		useScrollVelocity ? smoothVelocity : defaultVelocity,
		[0, 1000],
		[0, 5],
		{ clamp: false }
	);
	// Throttle animation frame updates on mobile for better performance
	const lastUpdateTime = useRef(0);
	const throttleMs = isMobile ? 16 : 0; // ~60fps on mobile, unlimited on desktop

	useAnimationFrame((time, delta) => {
		// Throttle updates on mobile
		if (isMobile && time - lastUpdateTime.current < throttleMs) {
			return;
		}
		lastUpdateTime.current = time;

		if (isHovered.current) {
			hoverFactorValue.set(0.3);
		} else {
			hoverFactorValue.set(1);
		}

		let moveBy =
			((baseVelocity * delta) / 1000) *
			directionFactor.current *
			smoothHoverFactor.get();

		if (velocityFactor.get() < 0) {
			directionFactor.current = -1;
		} else if (velocityFactor.get() > 0) {
			directionFactor.current = 1;
		}

		moveBy += directionFactor.current * moveBy * velocityFactor.get();

		baseOffset.set(baseOffset.get() + moveBy);
	});

	const wrapperRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);

	const marqueeContainerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
	// Original SVG dimensions
	// TODO: Base svg h/w on the svg we pass in to the component
	const originalWidth = typeof width === "string" ? parseFloat(width) || 175 : (width || 175);
	const originalHeight = typeof height === "string" ? parseFloat(height) || 165 : (height || 165);

	// Scale method #2 with D3
	const [scaledPath, setScaledPath] = useState<string | null>(null);
	const [currentViewBox, setCurrentViewBox] = useState(
		`0 0 ${originalWidth} ${originalHeight}`
	);

	// ResizeObserver for immediate size updates (better than window resize)
	const resizeObserverRef = useRef<ResizeObserver | null>(null);
	const pathCalculationTimeoutRef = useRef<NodeJS.Timeout | null>(null);
	const lastDimensionsRef = useRef<{ width: number; height: number } | null>(null);
	
	const updatePath = useCallback(() => {
		const wrapper = wrapperRef.current;
		if (!wrapper) return;

		const containerWidth = wrapper.clientWidth;
		const containerHeight = wrapper.clientHeight;

		// Check if dimensions actually changed significantly (avoid unnecessary recalculations)
		const lastDims = lastDimensionsRef.current;
		if (lastDims) {
			const widthDiff = Math.abs(containerWidth - lastDims.width);
			const heightDiff = Math.abs(containerHeight - lastDims.height);
			// Only recalculate if change is significant (more than 1px)
			if (widthDiff < 1 && heightDiff < 1) {
				return;
			}
		}
		lastDimensionsRef.current = { width: containerWidth, height: containerHeight };

		// Immediately update viewBox for instant visual feedback
		setCurrentViewBox(`0 0 ${containerWidth} ${containerHeight}`);

		// Calculate path asynchronously to avoid blocking
		const calculatePath = () => {
			// Use D3 to create the scaled path
			const newPath = createScaledPath(
				path,
				originalWidth,
				originalHeight,
				containerWidth,
				containerHeight
			);

			setScaledPath(newPath);
		};

		// Clear any pending path calculations
		if (pathCalculationTimeoutRef.current) {
			clearTimeout(pathCalculationTimeoutRef.current);
		}

		// Use a very short delay to batch rapid resize events (like orientation changes)
		// But make it immediate enough that it feels responsive
		pathCalculationTimeoutRef.current = setTimeout(() => {
			// Use requestAnimationFrame to ensure calculation happens after paint
			requestAnimationFrame(() => {
				calculatePath();
			});
		}, isMobile ? 50 : 16); // Much shorter delay - 50ms on mobile, 1 frame on desktop
	}, [path, originalWidth, originalHeight]);

	useEffect(() => {
		const wrapper = wrapperRef.current;
		if (!wrapper) {
			// If wrapper isn't ready, try again on next frame
			const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
				const retryWrapper = wrapperRef.current;
				if (retryWrapper) {
					updatePath();
				}
			}, 0);
			return () => clearTimeout(timeoutId);
		}

		// Initial path calculation
		updatePath();

		// Use ResizeObserver for more efficient and immediate resize detection
		if (typeof ResizeObserver !== "undefined") {
			resizeObserverRef.current = new ResizeObserver((entries) => {
				// Only process if size actually changed
				for (const entry of entries) {
					if (entry.contentRect.width > 0 && entry.contentRect.height > 0) {
						updatePath();
					}
				}
			});

			resizeObserverRef.current.observe(wrapper);
		} else {
			// Fallback to window resize for older browsers
			const handleResize = () => {
				updatePath();
			};

			window.addEventListener("resize", handleResize, { passive: true });
			return () => {
				window.removeEventListener("resize", handleResize);
			};
		}

		return () => {
			if (resizeObserverRef.current) {
				resizeObserverRef.current.disconnect();
			}
			if (pathCalculationTimeoutRef.current) {
				clearTimeout(pathCalculationTimeoutRef.current);
			}
		};
	}, [updatePath]);

	return (
		<div 
			className={cn("w-full h-full relative", className)} 
			ref={wrapperRef}
			style={{
				// GPU acceleration hints
				willChange: "transform",
				transform: "translateZ(0)",
			}}
		>
			{scaledPath ? (
				<>
					<svg
						width="100%"
						height="100%"
						viewBox={currentViewBox}
						fill="none"
						xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
						style={{
							// Optimize SVG rendering
							shapeRendering: isMobile ? "optimizeSpeed" : "geometricPrecision",
						}}
					>
						<path
							d={scaledPath}
							fill={path === path3 ? "none" : "#EEE7E4"}
							stroke="#EEE7E4"
							strokeWidth={4}
						/>
					</svg>
					<div
						className="marquee-container absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full"
						ref={marqueeContainerRef}
						style={{
							// GPU acceleration for container
							willChange: "transform",
							transform: "translateZ(0)",
						}}
					>
						{items.map(({ child, repeatIndex, itemIndex, key }) => (
							<MarqueeItem
								key={key}
								baseOffset={baseOffset}
								itemIndex={itemIndex}
								totalItems={items.length}
								repeatIndex={repeatIndex}
								zIndexBase={zIndexBase}
								scaledPath={scaledPath}
								isHovered={isHovered}
							>
								{child}
							</MarqueeItem>
						))}
					</div>
				</>
			) : (
				<svg
					width="100%"
					height="100%"
					viewBox={`0 0 ${originalWidth} ${originalHeight}`}
					fill="none"
					xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
					preserveAspectRatio="none"
					className="opacity-50"
					style={{
						shapeRendering: isMobile ? "optimizeSpeed" : "geometricPrecision",
					}}
				>
					<path
						d={path}
						fill={path === path3 ? "none" : "#EEE7E4"}
						stroke="#EEE7E4"
						strokeWidth={4}
					/>
				</svg>
			)}
		</div>
	);
};

export default MarqueeAlongPath;