Lets start on some missing Maths functions (#14433)

- Fix for issue with `text_mid` on Snowflake (when is an integer not an integer).
- Adds `sin`, `cos`, `tan`, `asin`, `acos` and `atan` to `Numeric_Column` in both in memory and in database.
- Adds `sinh`, `cosh` and `tanh` to `Numeric_Column` in both in memory and in database.
- Adds `degrees` and `radians` to `Numeric_Column` in both in memory and in database.
- Adds `sqrt`, `pow`, `ln`, `log10` and `log` to `Numeric_Column` in both in memory and in database.
- Added new base class `NumericUnaryTypedOperation<T>` to help make in-memory unary numeric operations.
- Refactors `SignumOperation` to have a base class of `NumericUnaryTypedOperation<Long>`.
- New `DoubleUnaryOperation` to handle unary maths operations in memory.

Author: jdunkerley

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -74,16 +74,17 @@
 - [Add error_on_missing_columns to more methods.][14236]
 - [Add `OneDrive_File` to Microsoft 365 implementation.][14237]
 - [Progress of `Runtime.sleep` visualized.][14275]
-- [Add Email.send][14258]
+- [Add `Email.send`][14258]
 - [Full DuckDB Dialect.][14298]
-- [Initial Spatial support within DuckDB][14331]
-- [Add email SMTP support][14350]
+- [Initial Spatial support within DuckDB.][14331]
+- [Add email SMTP support.][14350]
 - [Read files into DuckDB both spatial and not.][14367]
 - [Implement Text_Column to_case for DB backends.][14386]
 - [Implement bulk loading to DuckDB.][14402]
 - [Implement `Text_Column.text_mid` for in-memory and database backends.][14420]
 - [Initial file writing from DuckDB.][14421]
 - [Parquet file reading and writing, DuckDB formats.][14427]
+- [Trigonometry and other maths function on Column.][14433]
 
 [13769]: https://github.com/enso-org/enso/pull/13769
 [14026]: https://github.com/enso-org/enso/pull/14026
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@
 [14420]: https://github.com/enso-org/enso/pull/14420
 [14421]: https://github.com/enso-org/enso/pull/14421
 [14427]: https://github.com/enso-org/enso/pull/14427
+[14433]: https://github.com/enso-org/enso/pull/14433
 
 #### Enso Language & Runtime
 

distribution/lib/Standard/Database/0.0.0-dev/src/Connection/Database.enso

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from project.Errors import SQL_Error
     - sqlite: details=SQLite.From_File
     - sql_server: details=..SQLServer
     - snowflake: details=..Snowflake
+    - duckdb: details=DuckDB.From_File
    group: Standard.Base.Database
    icon: drive
    suggested: 5

distribution/lib/Standard/Database/0.0.0-dev/src/Internal/Base_Generator.enso

@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ base_dialect_operations =
     unary = name -> [name, make_unary_op name]
     fun = name -> [name, make_function name]
 
-    arith = [["ADD_NUMBER", make_binary_op "+"], ["ADD_TEXT", make_binary_op "||"], bin "-", bin "*", bin "/", bin "%", ["MOD", make_function "MOD"], ["^", make_function "POWER"], ["ROUND", make_function "ROUND"], ["TRUNCATE", make_function "TRUNC"], ["CEIL", make_function "CEIL"], ["FLOOR", make_function "FLOOR"], ["ABS", make_function "ABS"], ["SIGNUM", make_function "SIGN"]]
+    arith = [["ADD_NUMBER", make_binary_op "+"], ["ADD_TEXT", make_binary_op "||"], bin "-", bin "*", bin "/", bin "%", ["MOD", make_function "MOD"], ["^", make_function "POWER"], ["ROUND", make_function "ROUND"], ["TRUNCATE", make_function "TRUNC"], ["CEIL", make_function "CEIL"], ["FLOOR", make_function "FLOOR"], ["ABS", make_function "ABS"], ["SIGNUM", make_function "SIGN"], ["EXP", make_function "EXP"], ["LN", make_function "LN"], ["LOG10", make_function "LOG10"], ["SQRT", make_function "SQRT"]]
     logic = [bin "AND", bin "OR", unary "NOT", ["IIF", make_iif], ["CASE", case_when]]
     eq = lift_binary_op "==" make_equals
     neq = lift_binary_op "!=" make_not_equals
@@ -500,7 +500,8 @@ base_dialect_operations =
     types = [simple_cast]
     windows = [["ROW_NUMBER", make_row_number], ["ROW_NUMBER_IN_GROUP", make_row_number_in_group], ["GROUP_NUMBER", make_group_number], ["GROUP_NUMBER_EQUAL_COUNT", make_group_number_equal_count]]
     leadlag = [["LEAD", _make_lead_lag "LEAD"], ["LAG", _make_lead_lag "LAG"], ["LEAD_CLOSEST", _make_lead_lag_closest_value "LEAD"], ["LAG_CLOSEST", _make_lead_lag_closest_value "LAG"]]
-    base_dict = Dictionary.from_vector (arith + logic + compare + functions + agg + counts + text + nulls + contains + types + windows + leadlag)
+    trig = [["SIN", make_function "SIN"], ["ASIN", make_function "ASIN"], ["COS", make_function "COS"], ["ACOS", make_function "ACOS"], ["TAN", make_function "TAN"], ["ATAN", make_function "ATAN"], ["SINH", make_function "SINH"], ["COSH", make_function "COSH"], ["TANH", make_function "TANH"]]
+    base_dict = Dictionary.from_vector (arith + logic + compare + functions + agg + counts + text + nulls + contains + types + windows + leadlag + trig)
     Dialect_Operations.Value base_dict
 
 ## ---

distribution/lib/Standard/Database/0.0.0-dev/src/Internal/DB_Column_Implementation.enso

@@ -344,13 +344,13 @@ type DB_Column_Implementation
             make_binary_op this_column "RIGHT" n2 new_name
 
     text_mid (this_column : Column & DB_Column) (start : Column | Any) (length : Column | Any) =
-        Value_Type.expect_integer start <|
+        Helpers.expect_specific_integer_type this_column start <|
             case length of
                 _ : Rest_Of_String ->
                     new_name = (naming_helper this_column).function_name "text_mid" [this_column, start]
                     make_op this_column "SUBSTR" [start + 1] new_name
                 _ ->
-                    Value_Type.expect_integer length <|
+                    Helpers.expect_specific_integer_type this_column length <|
                         new_name = (naming_helper this_column).function_name "text_mid" [this_column, start, length]
                         make_op this_column "SUBSTR" [start + 1, length] new_name
 

distribution/lib/Standard/Database/0.0.0-dev/src/Internal/Postgres/Postgres_Dialect.enso

@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ make_dialect_operations =
     cases = [["LOWER", Base_Generator.make_function "LOWER"], ["UPPER", Base_Generator.make_function "UPPER"], ["PROPER", Base_Generator.make_function "INITCAP"]]
     text = [starts_with, contains, ends_with, agg_shortest, agg_longest, make_case_sensitive, ["REPLACE", replace], left, right, ["SUBSTR", _make_mid], regex_match]+concat_ops+cases+trim_ops
     counts = [agg_count_is_null, agg_count_empty, agg_count_not_empty, ["COUNT_DISTINCT", agg_count_distinct], ["COUNT_DISTINCT_INCLUDE_NULL", agg_count_distinct_include_null]]
-    arith_extensions = [is_nan, is_inf, is_finite, floating_point_div, mod_op, decimal_div, decimal_mod, ["ROW_MIN", Base_Generator.make_function "LEAST"], ["ROW_MAX", Base_Generator.make_function "GREATEST"]]
+    arith_extensions = [power, sqrt, exp, ln, log10, is_nan, is_inf, is_finite, floating_point_div, mod_op, decimal_div, decimal_mod, ["ROW_MIN", Base_Generator.make_function "LEAST"], ["ROW_MAX", Base_Generator.make_function "GREATEST"]]
     bool = [bool_or]
 
     stddev_pop = ["STDDEV_POP", Base_Generator.make_function "stddev_pop"]
@@ -737,6 +737,36 @@ make_order_descriptor internal_column:Internal_Column sort_direction text_orderi
                             folded_expression = SQL_IR_Expression.Operation "LOWER" [upper]
                             Order_Descriptor.Value folded_expression sort_direction nulls_order=nulls collation=Nothing
 
+## ---
+   private: true
+   ---
+sqrt = Base_Generator.lift_unary_op "SQRT" arg->
+    (SQL_Builder.code "CASE WHEN " ++ arg ++ "< 0 THEN (double precision 'NaN') ELSE SQRT(" ++ arg ++ ") END").paren
+
+## ---
+   private: true
+   ---
+ln = Base_Generator.lift_unary_op "LN" arg->
+    (SQL_Builder.code "CASE WHEN " ++ arg ++ " < 0 THEN (double precision 'NaN') WHEN " ++ arg ++ " = 0 THEN (double precision '-Infinity') ELSE LN(" ++ arg ++ ") END").paren
+
+## ---
+   private: true
+   ---
+log10 = Base_Generator.lift_unary_op "LOG10" arg->
+    (SQL_Builder.code "CASE WHEN " ++ arg ++ " < 0 THEN (double precision 'NaN') WHEN " ++ arg ++ " = 0 THEN (double precision '-Infinity') ELSE LOG10(" ++ arg ++ ") END").paren
+
+## ---
+   private: true
+   ---
+power = Base_Generator.lift_binary_op "^" x-> y->
+    (SQL_Builder.code "CASE WHEN " ++ x ++ " < 0 AND " ++ y ++ " != FLOOR(" ++ y ++ ") THEN (double precision 'NaN') WHEN " ++ x ++ " = 0 AND " ++ y ++ " < 0 THEN (double precision 'Infinity') ELSE POWER(" ++ x ++ ", " ++ y ++ ") END").paren
+
+## ---
+   private: true
+   ---
+exp = Base_Generator.lift_unary_op "EXP" arg->
+    SQL_Builder.code "EXP(CAST(" ++ arg ++ " AS double precision))"
+
 ## ---
    private: true
    ---

distribution/lib/Standard/Database/0.0.0-dev/src/Internal/SQLite/SQLite_Type_Mapping.enso

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ operations_dict =
         Panic.throw (Illegal_State.Error "RUNTIME_ERROR should not be part of direct type inference, so this code should never be reached. This is a bug in the Database library.")
 
     always_boolean_ops = ["==", "!=", "EQUALS_IGNORE_CASE", ">=", "<=", "<", ">", "BETWEEN", "AND", "OR", "NOT", "IS_NULL", "IS_EMPTY", "LIKE", "IS_IN", "IS_IN_COLUMN", "STARTS_WITH", "ENDS_WITH", "CONTAINS", "BOOL_OR", "IS_INF", "IS_FINITE"]
-    always_floating_ops = ["/", "MOD", "AVG", "STDDEV_POP", "STDDEV_SAMP", "ROUND"]
+    always_floating_ops = ["/", "MOD", "AVG", "STDDEV_POP", "STDDEV_SAMP", "ROUND", "SIN", "ASIN", "COS", "ACOS", "TAN", "ATAN", "SINH", "COSH", "TANH", "EXP", "LN", "LOG10", "SQRT"]
     always_text_ops = ["ADD_TEXT", "CONCAT", "CONCAT_QUOTE_IF_NEEDED", "MAKE_CASE_SENSITIVE", "FOLD_CASE", "TRIM", "LTRIM", "RTRIM", "REPLACE", "LEFT", "RIGHT", "SUBSTR", "UPPER", "LOWER"]
     always_integer_ops = ["COUNT", "COUNT_IS_NULL", "COUNT_DISTINCT", "COUNT_DISTINCT_INCLUDE_NULL", "COUNT_EMPTY", "COUNT_NOT_EMPTY", "COUNT_ROWS", "COUNT_OVER_PARTITION", "ROW_NUMBER", "ROW_NUMBER_IN_GROUP", "GROUP_NUMBER", "GROUP_NUMBER_EQUAL_COUNT", "LENGTH", "SIGNUM"]
     same_as_first = ["TRUNCATE", "CEIL", "FLOOR", "FIRST", "LAST", "ABS"]

distribution/lib/Standard/Database/0.0.0-dev/src/Internal/Type_Refinements/Typed_DB_Column_Implementations.enso

@@ -3,25 +3,91 @@ private
 from Standard.Base import all
 import Standard.Base.Errors.Unimplemented.Unimplemented
 
-from Standard.Table import Value_Type
+from Standard.Table import Column, Value_Type
 
+import project.DB_Column.DB_Column
 from project.Internal.DB_Column_Implementation import make_unary_op, naming_helper
 
 type DB_Numeric_Column_Implementation
-    abs column =
+    abs (column : Column & DB_Column) =
         Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
             new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "abs" [column]
             make_unary_op column "ABS" new_name
 
-    signum column =
+    signum (column : Column & DB_Column) =
         Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
             new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "signum" [column]
             make_unary_op column "SIGNUM" new_name
 
-    randbetween column limit seed =
+    randbetween (column : Column & DB_Column) limit seed =
         _ = [column, limit, seed]
         Unimplemented.throw "randbetween is not implemented for database backends."
 
+    sin (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "sin" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "SIN" new_name
+
+    asin (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "asin" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "ASIN" new_name
+
+    cos (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "cos" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "COS" new_name
+
+    acos (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "acos" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "ACOS" new_name
+
+    tan (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "tan" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "TAN" new_name
+
+    atan (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "atan" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "ATAN" new_name
+
+    sinh (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "sinh" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "SINH" new_name
+
+    cosh (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "cosh" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "COSH" new_name
+
+    tanh (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "tanh" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "TANH" new_name
+
+    sqrt (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "sqrt" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "SQRT" new_name
+
+    ln (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "ln" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "LN" new_name
+
+    exp (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "exp" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "EXP" new_name
+
+    log10 (column : Column & DB_Column) =
+        Value_Type.expect_numeric column <|
+            new_name = (naming_helper column).function_name "log10" [column]
+            make_unary_op column "LOG10" new_name
+
 type DB_Text_Column_Implementation
     to_case column case_option:Case=..Lower locale:Locale=Locale.default =
         if locale != Locale.default then

distribution/lib/Standard/Snowflake/0.0.0-dev/src/Internal/Snowflake_Dialect.enso

@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ type Snowflake_Dialect
    private: true
    ---
 make_dialect_operations =
-    arith = [round_bankers]
+    arith = [sqrt, ln, log10, power, round_bankers]
     cases = [["LOWER", Base_Generator.make_function "LOWER"], ["UPPER", Base_Generator.make_function "UPPER"], ["PROPER", Base_Generator.make_function "INITCAP"]]
     text = [starts_with, contains, ends_with, agg_shortest, agg_longest, make_case_sensitive, ["REPLACE", replace], left, right, regex_match]+concat_ops+cases+trim_ops
     counts = [agg_count_is_null, agg_count_empty, agg_count_not_empty, ["COUNT_DISTINCT", agg_count_distinct], ["COUNT_DISTINCT_INCLUDE_NULL", agg_count_distinct_include_null]]
@@ -725,6 +725,30 @@ make_order_descriptor internal_column sort_direction text_ordering =
                         True ->
                             Order_Descriptor.Value (Internals_Access.column_expression internal_column) sort_direction nulls_order=nulls collation="en-ci"
 
+## ---
+   private: true
+   ---
+sqrt = Base_Generator.lift_unary_op "SQRT" arg->
+    (SQL_Builder.code "CASE WHEN " ++ arg ++ "< 0 THEN ('NaN'::float) ELSE SQRT(" ++ arg ++ ") END").paren
+
+## ---
+   private: true
+   ---
+ln = Base_Generator.lift_unary_op "LN" arg->
+    (SQL_Builder.code "CASE WHEN " ++ arg ++ " < 0 THEN ('NaN'::float) WHEN " ++ arg ++ " = 0 THEN ('-Infinity'::float) ELSE LN(" ++ arg ++ ") END").paren
+
+## ---
+   private: true
+   ---
+log10 = Base_Generator.lift_unary_op "LOG10" arg->
+    (SQL_Builder.code "CASE WHEN " ++ arg ++ " < 0 THEN ('NaN'::float) WHEN " ++ arg ++ " = 0 THEN ('-Infinity'::float) ELSE LOG(10, " ++ arg ++ ") END").paren
+
+## ---
+   private: true
+   ---
+power = Base_Generator.lift_binary_op "^" x-> y->
+    (SQL_Builder.code "CASE WHEN " ++ x ++ " < 0 AND " ++ y ++ " != FLOOR(" ++ y ++ ") THEN ('NaN'::float) WHEN " ++ x ++ " = 0 AND " ++ y ++ " < 0 THEN ('Infinity'::float) ELSE POWER(" ++ x ++ ", " ++ y ++ ") END").paren
+
 ## ---
    private: true
    ---

distribution/lib/Standard/Table/0.0.0-dev/docs/api/Refined_Types/Numeric_Column.md

@@ -2,5 +2,22 @@
 ## module Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column
 - type Numeric_Column
     - abs self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - acos self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - asin self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - atan self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - cos self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - cosh self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - degrees self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - exp self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - ln self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - log self base:Standard.Base.Any.Any= -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - log10 self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - power self power:Standard.Base.Any.Any -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - radians self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
     - randbetween self limit:Standard.Base.Any.Any seed:Standard.Base.Data.Numbers.Integer= -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
     - signum self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - sin self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - sinh self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - sqrt self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - tan self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)
+    - tanh self -> (Standard.Table.Column.Column&Standard.Table.Refined_Types.Numeric_Column.Numeric_Column)