diff --git a/Sources/SQLiteData/Internal/FetchKey.swift b/Sources/SQLiteData/Internal/FetchKey.swift
index 1ed414cd..6baaea2f 100644
--- a/Sources/SQLiteData/Internal/FetchKey.swift
+++ b/Sources/SQLiteData/Internal/FetchKey.swift
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ struct FetchKey<Value: Sendable>: SharedReaderKey {
 }
 
 struct FetchKeyID: Hashable {
-  fileprivate let databaseID: ObjectIdentifier
+  fileprivate let databaseID: AnyHashable
   fileprivate let request: AnyHashableSendable
   fileprivate let requestTypeID: ObjectIdentifier
   fileprivate let scheduler: AnyHashableSendable?
@@ -180,7 +180,11 @@ struct FetchKeyID: Hashable {
     request: some FetchKeyRequest,
     scheduler: (any ValueObservationScheduler & Hashable)?
   ) {
-    self.databaseID = ObjectIdentifier(database)
+    if let identified = database as? PersistentDatabaseIdentity {
+      self.databaseID = identified.persistentIdentity
+    } else {
+      self.databaseID = AnyHashable(ObjectIdentifier(database))
+    }
     self.request = AnyHashableSendable(request)
     self.requestTypeID = ObjectIdentifier(type(of: request))
     self.scheduler = scheduler.map { AnyHashableSendable($0) }
diff --git a/Sources/SQLiteData/PersistentDatabaseIdentity.swift b/Sources/SQLiteData/PersistentDatabaseIdentity.swift
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..64e47229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Sources/SQLiteData/PersistentDatabaseIdentity.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import Foundation
+import GRDB
+
+/// A hook that lets transparent `DatabaseReader` wrappers participate in
+/// `FetchKey`'s persistent-reference cache.
+///
+/// `FetchKey` keys cached references in part by an identifier derived from the
+/// `DatabaseReader`. By default that identifier is `ObjectIdentifier(database)`,
+/// which is stable for plain `DatabasePool` / `DatabaseQueue`. A wrapper that
+/// swaps its inner pool while keeping its own object identity stable (e.g. an
+/// account-switch wrapper) breaks this assumption: the cached reference's
+/// `ValueObservation` stays bound to the previous inner pool, and writes
+/// against the new pool never reach `@FetchOne` / `@FetchAll` observers.
+///
+/// Wrappers that swap their inner reader can conform to this protocol and
+/// forward `persistentIdentity` to whatever uniquely identifies the *current*
+/// inner connection. After a swap the value must differ from the value before
+/// the swap, so the cache invalidates and the next `.load` rebuilds the
+/// subscription against the new connection.
+///
+/// ```swift
+/// extension AccountDatabase: PersistentDatabaseIdentity {
+///   var persistentIdentity: AnyHashable {
+///     AnyHashable(ObjectIdentifier(currentInnerPool))
+///   }
+/// }
+/// ```
+public protocol PersistentDatabaseIdentity {
+  /// A stable, hashable identity for the current underlying connection.
+  ///
+  /// Two reads against the same conceptual connection return equal values; a
+  /// swap of the underlying connection produces a different value.
+  var persistentIdentity: AnyHashable { get }
+}
diff --git a/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/PersistentDatabaseIdentityTests.swift b/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/PersistentDatabaseIdentityTests.swift
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8f4db058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/SQLiteDataTests/PersistentDatabaseIdentityTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+import ConcurrencyExtras
+import Dependencies
+import DependenciesTestSupport
+import Foundation
+import GRDB
+import SQLiteData
+import StructuredQueries
+import Testing
+
+@Suite("PersistentDatabaseIdentity")
+struct PersistentDatabaseIdentityTests {
+
+  @Test("Observers reattach to the new inner pool after a swap")
+  @MainActor
+  func observersReattachAfterSwap() async throws {
+    let poolA = try makePool(suffix: "A")
+    let wrapper = SwappableDatabase(inner: poolA)
+
+    try await withDependencies {
+      $0.defaultDatabase = wrapper
+    } operation: {
+      @FetchOne var unreadCount: Int = -1
+      @FetchAll var items: [Item] = []
+
+      try await $unreadCount.load(Item.unreadCountQuery())
+      try await $items.load(Item.all)
+      #expect(unreadCount == 0)
+      #expect(items.isEmpty)
+
+      try await wrapper.write { db in
+        try Item.insert { Item(id: 1, isRead: false) }.execute(db)
+      }
+      try await Task.sleep(for: .milliseconds(200))
+      #expect(unreadCount == 1)
+      #expect(items.count == 1)
+
+      let poolB = try makePool(suffix: "B")
+      try? poolA.close()
+      wrapper.swap(to: poolB)
+
+      try await $unreadCount.load(Item.unreadCountQuery())
+      try await $items.load(Item.all)
+      try await Task.sleep(for: .milliseconds(200))
+      #expect(unreadCount == 0)
+      #expect(items.isEmpty)
+
+      try await wrapper.write { db in
+        try Item.insert { Item(id: 1, isRead: false) }.execute(db)
+      }
+      try await Task.sleep(for: .milliseconds(500))
+      #expect(unreadCount == 1, "FetchOne must observe the post-swap write")
+      #expect(items.count == 1, "FetchAll must observe the post-swap write")
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test("FetchKey cache is shared across wrappers that report the same identity")
+  @MainActor
+  func cacheKeyDerivesFromPersistentIdentity() async throws {
+    let pool = try makePool(suffix: "shared")
+    let wrapperA = SwappableDatabase(inner: pool)
+    let wrapperB = SwappableDatabase(inner: pool)
+
+    #expect(ObjectIdentifier(wrapperA) != ObjectIdentifier(wrapperB))
+    #expect(wrapperA.persistentIdentity == wrapperB.persistentIdentity)
+
+    try await withDependencies {
+      $0.defaultDatabase = wrapperA
+    } operation: {
+      @FetchOne(Item.unreadCountQuery(), database: wrapperA) var fromA: Int = -1
+      @FetchOne(Item.unreadCountQuery(), database: wrapperB) var fromB: Int = -1
+
+      try await $fromA.load()
+      try await $fromB.load()
+      #expect(fromA == 0)
+      #expect(fromB == 0)
+
+      try await wrapperA.write { db in
+        try Item.insert { Item(id: 1, isRead: false) }.execute(db)
+      }
+      try await Task.sleep(for: .milliseconds(200))
+      #expect(fromA == 1)
+      #expect(fromB == 1)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+@Table private struct Item: Sendable {
+  let id: Int
+  var isRead: Bool
+}
+
+extension Item {
+  fileprivate static func unreadCountQuery() -> some StructuredQueries.Statement<Int> {
+    Item.where { $0.isRead.eq(false) }.select { $0.id.count() }
+  }
+}
+
+private func makePool(suffix: String) throws -> DatabasePool {
+  let url = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+    .appendingPathComponent("persistent-identity-\(suffix)-\(UUID()).sqlite")
+  var config = Configuration()
+  config.busyMode = .timeout(0.5)
+  let pool = try DatabasePool(path: url.path, configuration: config)
+  var migrator = DatabaseMigrator()
+  migrator.registerMigration("v1") { db in
+    try db.create(table: "items") { t in
+      t.column("id", .integer).primaryKey()
+      t.column("isRead", .boolean).notNull()
+    }
+  }
+  try migrator.migrate(pool)
+  return pool
+}
+
+// MARK: - Wrapper under test
+
+/// Minimal transparent wrapper that mirrors the production pattern: stable
+/// object identity across an inner-pool swap. Conforms to
+/// `PersistentDatabaseIdentity` by forwarding to the current inner pool's
+/// `ObjectIdentifier`, so a swap naturally invalidates the FetchKey cache.
+private final class SwappableDatabase: DatabaseReader, DatabaseWriter, @unchecked Sendable {
+  private let inner: LockIsolated<any DatabaseWriter>
+
+  init(inner: any DatabaseWriter) {
+    self.inner = LockIsolated(inner)
+  }
+
+  func swap(to newWriter: any DatabaseWriter) {
+    inner.setValue(newWriter)
+  }
+
+  private var current: any DatabaseWriter { inner.value }
+
+  // MARK: PersistentDatabaseIdentity
+
+  // (extension below)
+
+  // MARK: DatabaseReader forwarding
+
+  var configuration: Configuration { current.configuration }
+  var path: String { current.path }
+  func close() throws { try current.close() }
+  func interrupt() { current.interrupt() }
+
+  func read<T>(_ value: (Database) throws -> T) throws -> T { try current.read(value) }
+  func read<T: Sendable>(
+    _ value: @escaping @Sendable (Database) throws -> T
+  ) async throws -> T { try await current.read(value) }
+  func asyncRead(_ value: @escaping @Sendable (Result<Database, any Error>) -> Void) {
+    current.asyncRead(value)
+  }
+  func unsafeRead<T>(_ value: (Database) throws -> T) throws -> T { try current.unsafeRead(value) }
+  func unsafeRead<T: Sendable>(
+    _ value: @escaping @Sendable (Database) throws -> T
+  ) async throws -> T { try await current.unsafeRead(value) }
+  func asyncUnsafeRead(_ value: @escaping @Sendable (Result<Database, any Error>) -> Void) {
+    current.asyncUnsafeRead(value)
+  }
+  func unsafeReentrantRead<T>(_ value: (Database) throws -> T) throws -> T {
+    try current.unsafeReentrantRead(value)
+  }
+  func _add<Reducer: ValueReducer>(
+    observation: ValueObservation<Reducer>,
+    scheduling scheduler: some ValueObservationScheduler,
+    onChange: @escaping @Sendable (Reducer.Value) -> Void
+  ) -> AnyDatabaseCancellable {
+    current._add(observation: observation, scheduling: scheduler, onChange: onChange)
+  }
+
+  // MARK: DatabaseWriter forwarding
+
+  func writeWithoutTransaction<T>(_ updates: (Database) throws -> T) rethrows -> T {
+    try current.writeWithoutTransaction(updates)
+  }
+  func writeWithoutTransaction<T: Sendable>(
+    _ updates: @escaping @Sendable (Database) throws -> T
+  ) async throws -> T { try await current.writeWithoutTransaction(updates) }
+  func barrierWriteWithoutTransaction<T>(_ updates: (Database) throws -> T) throws -> T {
+    try current.barrierWriteWithoutTransaction(updates)
+  }
+  func barrierWriteWithoutTransaction<T: Sendable>(
+    _ updates: @escaping @Sendable (Database) throws -> T
+  ) async throws -> T { try await current.barrierWriteWithoutTransaction(updates) }
+  func asyncBarrierWriteWithoutTransaction(
+    _ updates: @escaping @Sendable (Result<Database, any Error>) -> Void
+  ) { current.asyncBarrierWriteWithoutTransaction(updates) }
+  func asyncWriteWithoutTransaction(_ updates: @escaping @Sendable (Database) -> Void) {
+    current.asyncWriteWithoutTransaction(updates)
+  }
+  func unsafeReentrantWrite<T>(_ updates: (Database) throws -> T) rethrows -> T {
+    try current.unsafeReentrantWrite(updates)
+  }
+  func spawnConcurrentRead(_ value: @escaping @Sendable (Result<Database, any Error>) -> Void) {
+    current.spawnConcurrentRead(value)
+  }
+}
+
+extension SwappableDatabase: PersistentDatabaseIdentity {
+  fileprivate var persistentIdentity: AnyHashable {
+    AnyHashable(ObjectIdentifier(inner.value as AnyObject))
+  }
+}