VCS simulation generates a variety of 'compile' warnings as well as runtime asserts to do with invalid AXI bus data

[midnightveil]

This is of at current mainline commit (2d40a3b). Running hello world generates just the 'compile' warnings, but not the runtime warnings.

The zip below contains the software that reproduces the errors. Source code is https://github.com/au-ts/cheshire/blob/timing-channels/sw/tests/cache_flush.c.

cache_flush.spm_code_shared_data.elf.zip.

I don't know if this is specific to my writes to the LLC here at all; most of the other tests in the sw folder work fine.

$ BINARY=../../../cache_flush.spm_code_shared_data.elf ./start.cheshire_soc.sh

Doing common elaboration

                         Chronologic VCS (TM)
        Version Y-2026.03-1_Full64 -- Tue May 26 17:09:33 2026

                    Copyright (c) 1991 - 2026 Synopsys, Inc.
   This software and the associated documentation are proprietary to Synopsys,
      Inc.  This software may only be used in accordance with the terms and
  conditions of a written license agreement with Synopsys, Inc.  All other use,
   reproduction, or distribution of this software is strictly prohibited.  By
   installing, accessing, using, or executing this software, you agree that it
  will reside on, operate within, and have access to the computers and networks
    where such software is used ("Host System"), and that Synopsys may access
     components and data of the Host System as necessary for it to function
 properly, to authenticate and validate license keys, to verify that it is used
 only in conformity with the applicable license restrictions, and to communicate
                 error messages and associated data to Synopsys.


Top Level Modules:
       tb_cheshire_soc
TimeScale is 1 ps / 1 ps

Warning-[TFIPC] Too few instance port connections
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/hw/cheshire_idma_wrap.sv, 136
cheshire_idma_wrap, "axi_to_reg_v2 #(.axi_req_t(axi_slv_req_t), .axi_rsp_t(axi_slv_rsp_t), .reg_req_t(dma_regs_req_t), .reg_rsp_t(dma_regs_rsp_t), .AxiAddrWidth(AxiAddrWidth), .AxiDataWidth(AxiDataWidth), .AxiIdWidth(AxiSlvIdWidth), .AxiUserWidth(AxiUserWidth), .RegDataWidth(32), .CutMemReqs(1)) i_axi_translate( .axi_req_i (axi_slv_req_i),  .axi_rsp_o (axi_slv_rsp_o),  .reg_req_o (dma_reg_req),  .reg_rsp_i (dma_reg_rsp),  .clk_i (clk_i),  .rst_ni (rst_ni));"
  The above instance has fewer port connections than the module definition.
  Please use '+lint=TFIPC-L' to print out detailed information of unconnected
  ports.


Warning-[ENUMASSIGN] Illegal assignment to enum variable
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/axi_llc-5fb8850caad4fcfa/src/hit_miss_detect/axi_llc_tag_store.sv, 258
axi_llc_tag_store, "req_q <= '{default:'0};"
  Only expressions of the enum type can be assigned to an enum variable.
  The type bit [0:0] is incompatible with the enum 'tag_mode_e'
  Expression: '0
  Use the static cast operator to convert the expression to enum type.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/frontend/instr_queue.sv, 446
"pc_j[2]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_instr_queue
  In module : instr_queue.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/frontend/instr_queue.sv, 382
"idx_ds[2]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_instr_queue
  In module : instr_queue.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 330
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 333
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 335
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 338
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 342
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 343
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 344
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 346
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 348
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 352
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 353
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 354
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 357
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 363
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 366
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 367
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 369
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 370
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 371
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 376
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 378
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 380
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 381
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 384
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 385
"fus_busy[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 581
"x_issue_resp_i.register_read[2]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 590
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 591
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 594
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 594
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 595
"stall_raw[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 599
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 602
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 602
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 603
"stall_raw[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 608
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 611
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 612
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 613
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 614
"stall_raw[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 831
"issue_ack_o[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 912
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 912
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 912
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 992
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 993
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 994
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 995
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 1030
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 1031
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 1032
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/issue_read_operands.sv, 1033
"issue_instr_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : i_issue_read_operands
  In module : issue_read_operands.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/ex_stage.sv, 297
"one_cycle_select[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : ex_stage_i
  In module : ex_stage.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/ex_stage.sv, 298
"fu_data_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : ex_stage_i
  In module : ex_stage.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/ex_stage.sv, 299
"rs1_forwarding_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : ex_stage_i
  In module : ex_stage.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/ex_stage.sv, 300
"rs2_forwarding_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : ex_stage_i
  In module : ex_stage.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/ex_stage.sv, 393
"mult_valid_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : ex_stage_i
  In module : ex_stage.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/ex_stage.sv, 394
"fu_data_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : ex_stage_i
  In module : ex_stage.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/ex_stage.sv, 526
"lsu_valid_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : ex_stage_i
  In module : ex_stage.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/ex_stage.sv, 527
"fu_data_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : ex_stage_i
  In module : ex_stage.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/ex_stage.sv, 528
"tinst_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : ex_stage_i
  In module : ex_stage.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/ex_stage.sv, 429
"fpu_valid_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : ex_stage_i
  In module : ex_stage.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/ex_stage.sv, 430
"fu_data_i[1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [0:0].
  In module instance : ex_stage_i
  In module : ex_stage.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[0].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[0].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[1].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[1].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[2].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[2].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[3].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[3].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[4].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[4].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[5].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[5].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[6].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[6].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[7].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[7].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[8].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[8].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[9].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[9].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[10].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[10].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[11].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[11].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[12].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[12].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[13].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[13].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[14].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[14].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[15].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_tlb.sv, 163
"tags_q[15].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][1]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_itlb i_dtlb
  In module : cva6_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[0].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[0].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[0].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][HYP_EXT]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[0].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][HYP_EXT]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[0].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[0].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[0].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][HYP_EXT]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[0].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 2) - 2)][HYP_EXT]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[0].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 2) - 2)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[1].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[1].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[1].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][HYP_EXT]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[1].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][HYP_EXT]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[1].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[1].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[1].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 1) - 0)][HYP_EXT]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[1].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 2) - 2)][HYP_EXT]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.


Warning-[SIOB] Select index out of bounds
/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cva6_mmu/cva6_shared_tlb.sv, 174
"shared_tag_rd[1].is_page[((32'b00000000000000000000000000000011 - 2) - 2)][0]"
  The select index is out of declared bounds : [1:0].
  In module instance : i_shared_tlb
  In module : cva6_shared_tlb.

Notice: Ports coerced to inout, use -notice for details
Starting vcs inline pass...
236 modules and 0 UDP read.
        However, due to incremental compilation, no re-compilation is necessary.
rm -f _cuarc*.so _csrc*.so pre_vcsobj_*.so share_vcsobj_*.so
if [ -x ../simv ]; then chmod a-x ../simv; fi
/usr/bin/g++  -o ../simv   -no-pie    -rdynamic -Wl,-rpath='$ORIGIN'/simv.daidir -Wl,-rpath=./simv.daidir -Wl,-rpath=/opt/synopsys/vcs/Y-2026.03-1/linux64/lib -L/opt/synopsys/vcs/Y-2026.03-1/linux64/lib -z noexecstack -z notext   -Wl,-rpath-link=./ -Wl,--no-as-needed  elfloader.o   objs/amcQw_d.o  _498418_archive_1.so _prev_archive_1.so  SIM_l.o      rmapats_mop.o rmapats.o rmar.o rmar_nd.o  rmar_llvm_0_1.o rmar_llvm_0_0.o            -lnuma -lerrorinf -lsnpsmalloc -lvfs       -lnuma_stubs -lvcsnew -ldistsimclient -lsimprofile -lvirsim -luclinative -lmemprof_init /opt/synopsys/vcs/Y-2026.03-1/linux64/lib/vcs_tls.o   -Wl,-whole-archive  -lvcsucli    -Wl,-no-whole-archive      ./../simv.daidir/vc_hdrs.o    /opt/synopsys/vcs/Y-2026.03-1/linux64/lib/vcs_save_restore_new.o -ldl  -lc -lm -lpthread -ldl
../simv up to date
CPU time: 10.211 seconds to compile + .334 seconds to elab + .385 seconds to link
Verdi KDB elaboration done and the database successfully generated

Then the logs:

Info: [VCS_SAVE_RESTORE_INFO] ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) is detected on the machine. To enable $save functionality, ASLR will be switched off and simv re-executed.
Please use '-no_save' simv switch to avoid re-execution or '-suppress=ASLR_DETECTED_INFO' to suppress this message.
Chronologic VCS simulator copyright 1991-2026
Contains Synopsys proprietary information.
Compiler version Y-2026.03-1_Full64; Runtime version Y-2026.03-1_Full64;  May 26 17:25 2026
[TRACER] Output filename is: trace_hart_0.log
[SLINK] Wait for LLC configuration
[SLINK] Preloading ELF binary: ../../../cache_flush.spm_code_shared_data.elf
[ELF] INFO: File ../../../cache_flush.spm_code_shared_data.elf was memory mapped to 0x155525921000
[ELF] INFO: Entrypoint at 0x10004000
[ELF] INFO: Found symbol table at offset 0x52e48
[ELF] INFO: Found string table at offset 0x535e0
[SLINK] Preloading section at 0x0000000010000000 (22720 bytes)
[SLINK] - 1024/22720 bytes (4%)
[SLINK] - 2048/22720 bytes (9%)
[SLINK] - 3072/22720 bytes (13%)
[SLINK] - 4096/22720 bytes (18%)
[SLINK] - 5120/22720 bytes (22%)
[SLINK] - 6144/22720 bytes (27%)
[SLINK] - 7168/22720 bytes (31%)
[SLINK] - 8192/22720 bytes (36%)
[SLINK] -
[SLINK] - 20480/22720 bytes (90%)
[SLINK] - 21504/22720 bytes (94%)
[SLINK] - 22528/22720 bytes (99%)
[SLINK] Preloading section at 0x0000000080000000 (262144 bytes)
[SLINK] - 1024/262144 bytes (0%)
[SLINK] - 2048/262144 bytes (0%)
[SLINK] - 3072/262144 bytes (1%)
[SLINK] - 4096/262144 bytes (1%)
[SLINK] - 5120/262144 bytes (1%)
[SLINK] - 6144/262144 bytes (2%)
...
[SLINK] Preload complete
[SLINK] Wrote launch signal and entry point 0x0000000010004000
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 11732515000ps failed at 11732515000ps
	Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 11732515000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000000000000
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 328: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.a_invalid_write_data: started at 11732540000ps failed at 11732540000ps
	Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_i[(NumPorts - 1)].data_wdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 328: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.a_invalid_write_data: at time 11732540000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] writing invalid data: paddr=000000001001ffb8, be=0f, data=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 328: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.a_invalid_write_data: started at 11732545000ps failed at 11732545000ps
	Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_i[(NumPorts - 1)].data_wdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 328: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.a_invalid_write_data: at time 11732545000 ps

  ./simv +BOOTMODE=0 +PRELMODE=1 +BINARY=../../../../serengeti/llc_covert_shared.elf
Info: [VCS_SAVE_RESTORE_INFO] ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) is detected on the machine. To enable $save functionality, ASLR will be switched off and simv re-executed.
Please use '-no_save' simv switch to avoid re-execution or '-suppress=ASLR_DETECTED_INFO' to suppress this message.
Chronologic VCS simulator copyright 1991-2026
Contains Synopsys proprietary information.
Compiler version Y-2026.03-1_Full64; Runtime version Y-2026.03-1_Full64;  May 26 17:09 2026
[TRACER] Output filename is: trace_hart_0.log
[SLINK] Wait for LLC configuration
[SLINK] Preloading ELF binary: ../../../../serengeti/llc_covert_shared.elf
[ELF] INFO: File ../../../../serengeti/llc_covert_shared.elf was memory mapped to 0x15554aab7000
[ELF] INFO: Entrypoint at 0x80000000
[ELF] WARNING: The section starting @ 0x80000000 contains 0x21344 zero bytes which will NOT be preloaded!
[ELF] INFO: Found symbol table at offset 0x13aa8
[ELF] INFO: Found string table at offset 0x14978
[SLINK] Preloading section at 0x0000000080000000 (151824 bytes)
[SLINK] - 1024/151824 bytes (0%)
[SLINK] - 2048/151824 bytes (1%)
[SLINK] - 3072/151824 bytes (2%)
[SLINK] - 4096/151824 bytes (2%)
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[SLINK] Preload complete
[SLINK] Wrote launch signal and entry point 0x0000000080000000
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 5924850000ps failed at 5924850000ps
        Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 5924850000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000003002000
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 5925690000ps failed at 5925690000ps
        Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 5925690000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000003002000
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 6026940000ps failed at 6026940000ps
        Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 6026940000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000003002000
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 6027770000ps failed at 6027770000ps
        Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 6027770000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000003002000
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 6217120000ps failed at 6217120000ps
        Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 6217120000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000003002000
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 6217950000ps failed at 6217950000ps
        Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 6217950000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000003002000
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 6406905000ps failed at 6406905000ps
        Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 6406905000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000003002000
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 6407735000ps failed at 6407735000ps
        Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 6407735000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000003002000
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 6597085000ps failed at 6597085000ps
        Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 6597085000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000003002000
"/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 6597915000ps failed at 6597915000ps
        Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/cheshire-upstream/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-20c9d7cbe0dd6995/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 343: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 6597915000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000003002000

simulate.log

The log trace for the program that does a cache flush (it doesn't even start doing the cache flush).

trace_hart_0.log.zip

[niwis]

Hi,

Regarding the compilation warnings:
TFIPC: I can take a closer look. => #279
ENUMASSIGN: this was fixed in pulp-platform/axi_llc#18. We should bump the LLC in Cheshire, preferably when the next release is available to propagate the latest bugfixes.
SIOB: VCS may perform out-of-bounds checks on dead branches. If CVA6Cfg.SuperscalarEn == 0, these can be safely ignored.

Regarding the runtime warnings: We have seen cases where the corresponding assertion was too sensitive. A quick check is to search the instruction trace for X values. If there are none, those are false negatives, and the X values, originating from uninitialised SRAM, never become architectural. We should fix the assertion in CVA6.

[midnightveil]

Regarding the runtime warnings: We have seen cases where the corresponding assertion was too sensitive. A quick check is to search the instruction trace for X values. If there are none, those are false negatives, and the X values, originating from uninitialised SRAM, never become architectural. We should fix the assertion in CVA6.

As far as I can tell in the trace_hart_log_0.log I provided there are no X values in the trace. I don't know if it's related but the 'data=0000000003002000' happens to be the address of the AXI LLC.

[midnightveil]

In a similar test, during the print phase, where all it is doing is logging the output from memory through UART;

cat simulate.log | grep '476597885000' -B 1
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000000000000
"/scratch/julia/serengeti/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-1e9f9b1716e8370f/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 362: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 476597885000ps failed at 476597885000ps
        Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/serengeti/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-1e9f9b1716e8370f/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 362: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 476597885000 ps

 cat trace_hart_0.log | grep 476597885 -A 5 -B 5
476597845ns 95319565 M 0000000080001732 0 f9744683 lbu            a3, -105(s0)          a3  :0000000000000000 s0  :00000000807ffea0 VA: 00000000807ffe37 PA: 000000807ffe37
476597845ns 95319565 M 0000000080001736 0 fc040713 addi           a4, s0, -64           a4  :00000000807ffe60 s0  :00000000807ffea0
476597855ns 95319567 M 000000008000173a 0 0000441c c.lw           a5, 8(s0)             a5  :0000000000000000 s0  :00000000807ffea0 VA: 00000000807ffea8 PA: 000000807ffea8
476597865ns 95319569 M 000000008000173c 0 0000e83e c.sdsp         a5, 16(sp)            a5  :0000000000000000 sp  :00000000807ffe00 VA: 00000000807ffe10 PA: 000000807ffe10
476597875ns 95319571 M 000000008000173e 0 0000401c c.lw           a5, 0(s0)             a5  :0000000000000000 s0  :00000000807ffea0 VA: 00000000807ffea0 PA: 000000807ffea0

476597885ns 95319573 M 0000000080001740 0 0000e43e c.sdsp         a5, 8(sp)             a5  :0000000000000000 sp  :00000000807ffe00 VA: 00000000807ffe08 PA: 000000807ffe08

476597895ns 95319575 M 0000000080001742 0 f9042783 lw             a5, -112(s0)          a5  :0000000000000000 s0  :00000000807ffea0 VA: 00000000807ffe30 PA: 000000807ffe30
476597905ns 95319577 M 0000000080001746 0 0000e03e c.sdsp         a5, 0(sp)             a5  :0000000000000000 sp  :00000000807ffe00 VA: 00000000807ffe00 PA: 000000807ffe00
476597905ns 95319577 M 0000000080001748 0 000088b2 c.mv           a7, x0, a2            a7  :000000000000000a a2  :000000000000000a
476597910ns 95319578 M 000000008000174a 0 00008836 c.mv           a6, x0, a3            a6  :0000000000000000 a3  :0000000000000000
476597925ns 95319581 M 000000008000174c 0 fe843783 ld             a5, -24(s0)           a5  :0000000000000006 s0  :00000000807ffea0 VA: 00000000807ffe88 PA: 000000807ffe88

The data appears to be perfectly valid, as it is in fact 00000000000 being stored to memory.

This SystemVerilog assertion firing makes sense to me. I would expect that data=0000000000000000 would imply that dcache_req_ports_o[j].data_rdata) !== 1'hX (although, 1' is not the same as 32', and supposedly that zero fills? but then that still doesn't make sense)

      assert property (
          @(posedge clk_i) disable iff (~rst_ni) dcache_req_ports_o[j].data_rvalid |-> (|dcache_req_ports_o[j].data_rdata) !== 1'hX)
      else
        $warning(
            1,
            "[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port %01d: data=%016X",
            j,
            dcache_req_ports_o[j].data_rdata
        );

I'm using VCS. Logging everything with an unqualified $dumpvars generates hundreds of gigabytes of waveforms, which is a bit impossible to store. (Supposedly QuestaSim is better here? I can't easily get access though).

Any advice on how to debug this?

[creinwar]

Hi,

Usually, when you get issues with this assertion but your code does what it's supposed to do, it means that you're accessing data that's close to uninitialized data (e.g., you are reading a 32-bit word at the top of the stack, where the lower half of the 64-bit word was not yet touched and is therefore X). Since the cache answers without masking the data down to the requested size, this assertion sees some X's and fires, even though they never make it into an architectural register of CVA6.

I was not able to reproduce this with your code examples, but what I did notice is, that there seems to be a mixup in the loop bounds of the shared_data loop in the cache_flush test (see https://github.com/au-ts/cheshire/blob/e8e900e4753e152bbda5601c918e91f90420bd70/sw/tests/cache_flush.c#L109).

This causes the loop to touch uninitialized memory, causing correct assertions of X values, but in my case I was able to also see that from the traces.

Hope this helps.

[midnightveil]

Since the cache answers without masking the data down to the requested size, this assertion sees some X's and fires, even though they never make it into an architectural register of CVA6.

Right, even though the data is printed to 32 bits (?) and does not contain 'X? That's what I'm very confused about; I could understand values appearing with XX for various reasons but not the assert firing and the print of rdata showing no X.

---

Thx for taking a look at that. That does sound about right for that example, possibly.

I'll try demonstrating some other examples on upstream cheshire and properly looking into details further.
I've been doing a bunch of work on a modified branch of Cheshire, which is why I was asking for assistance to debug.

[midnightveil]

OK, so I minimised the example and reproduced on top of latest main (). It only appears with -O0. It appears to be relevant to printf.

diff --git a/sw/sw.mk b/sw/sw.mk
index ffae2e7..1555576 100644
--- a/sw/sw.mk
+++ b/sw/sw.mk
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ CHS_SW_DTB_TGUID := BA442F61-2AEF-42DE-9233-E4D75D3ACB9D
 CHS_SW_FW_TGUID  := 99EC86DA-3F5B-4B0D-8F4B-C4BACFA5F859
 CHS_SW_DISK_SIZE ?= 16M

-CHS_SW_FLAGS   ?= -DOT_PLATFORM_RV32 -march=rv64gc_zifencei -mabi=lp64d -mstrict-align -O2 -Wall -Wextra -static -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -frandom-seed=cheshire -fuse-linker-plugin -flto -Wl,-flto
+CHS_SW_FLAGS   ?= -DOT_PLATFORM_RV32 -march=rv64gc_zifencei -mabi=lp64d -mstrict-align -O0 -Wall -Wextra -static -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -frandom-seed=cheshire -nostdlib
 CHS_SW_CCFLAGS ?= $(CHS_SW_FLAGS) -ggdb -mcmodel=medany -mexplicit-relocs -fno-builtin -fverbose-asm -pipe
 CHS_SW_LDFLAGS ?= $(CHS_SW_FLAGS) -nostartfiles -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,-L$(CHS_SW_LD_DIR)
-CHS_SW_ARFLAGS ?= --plugin=$(CHS_SW_LTOPLUG)
+CHS_SW_ARFLAGS ?=

 CHS_SW_ALL += $(CHS_SW_LIBS) $(CHS_SW_GEN_HDRS) $(CHS_SW_TESTS) $(CHS_SW_TOOLS)

diff --git a/sw/tests/helloworld.c b/sw/tests/helloworld.c
index de60d72..e96755d 100644
--- a/sw/tests/helloworld.c
+++ b/sw/tests/helloworld.c
@@ -6,11 +6,15 @@
 // Christopher Reinwardt <creinwar@student.ethz.ch>
 // Paul Scheffler <paulsc@iis.ee.ethz.ch>

 #include "regs/cheshire.h"
 #include "dif/clint.h"
 #include "dif/uart.h"
 #include "params.h"
 #include "util.h"
+#include "printf.h"

 int main(void) {
     char str[] = "Hello World!\r\n";
@@ -19,5 +23,8 @@ int main(void) {
     uart_init(&__uart_base_addr__, reset_freq, __BOOT_BAUDRATE);
     uart_write_str(&__uart_base_addr__, str, sizeof(str) - 1);
     uart_write_flush(&__uart_base_addr__);
+
+    printf("Running: L1D Interference\r\n");
+
     return 0;
 }

Compiler is riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc from Debian, although I also see it with the none-elf toolchain from Nixpkgs. Again, only with O0. (LTO is also off because I don't have compilers with it, and I had to patch a few #include <assert.h> to #define static_assert _Static_assert.

riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc (14.2.0+19) 14.2.0
Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

riscv64-none-elf-gcc (GCC) 13.3.0
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Attached is simulate.log and trace_hart_0.log. I have a dump.fst file that is 1.5GiB produced from the dump.vs at 160GiB, I can provide it if necessary. (400MiB gzip compressed). Also attached is the ELF.

helloworld.dram.elf.gz

simulate.log
trace_hart_0.log.gz

old

trace_hart_0.log.gz

simulate.log

[midnightveil]

These are old because I posted the wrong file, but is roughly the right sort of idea; check the attached logs for updated.

---

Start of debugging:

"/scratch/julia/serengeti/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-1e9f9b1716e8370f/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 362: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: started at 2406760000ps failed at 2406760000ps
	Offending '((|dcache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata) !== 1'hx)'
Warning: "/scratch/julia/serengeti/.bender/git/checkouts/cva6-1e9f9b1716e8370f/core/cache_subsystem/std_cache_subsystem.sv", 362: tb_cheshire_soc.fix.dut.gen_cva6_cores[0].i_core_cva6.gen_cache_wb.i_cache_subsystem.genblk1[1].a_invalid_read_data: at time 2406760000 ps
          1[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port 1: data=0000000003002000

At 2406760000 ps the pc_commit is 0x000000008000218e, which is this in the trace.

 2406700ns   481336 M 0000000080002188 0 000087ae c.mv           a5, x0, a1            a5  :0000000000000000 a1  :0000000000000000
 2406710ns   481338 M 000000008000218a 0 fef42223 sw             a5, -28(s0)           a5  :0000000000000000 s0  :00000000807ffe20 VA: 00000000807ffe04 PA: 000000807ffe04
 2406770ns   481350 M 000000008000218e 0 fe442783 lw             a5, -28(s0)           a5  :0000000000000000 s0  :00000000807ffe20 VA: 00000000807ffe04 PA: 000000807ffe04
 2406775ns   481351 M 0000000080002192 0 fe843703 ld             a4, -24(s0)           a4  :0000000003002000 s0  :00000000807ffe20 VA: 00000000807ffe08 PA: 000000807ffe08

I see this in the waveform; I'm not quite sure why the types of dache_req_ports_o isn't visible in Surfer.

[midnightveil]

EDIT: please ignore, I was looking at old sources and logs. And I managed to upload the wrong logs and everything, oops. The fact that this has all been removed/reworked tells me it's not here, anyway.

the original

First thing that sticks out to me:
in cva6/core/cache_subsystem/std_nbdcache.sv, the default assigns in always_comb:

        // As the answer will most likely come from the
        // cache we forward that by default, also without valid
        req_ports_o[i]              = cache_ports_out[i];
        req_ports_o[i].data_gnt     = 1'b0;
        req_ports_o[i].data_rvalid  = 1'b0;

But later in unique case (adec_state_q), under the WAIT_TAG (1) case:

          WAIT_TAG: begin
            // By default we forward to the cache
            cache_ports_in[i] = req_ports_i[i];
            req_ports_o[i] = cache_ports_out[i];
            // Once the tag is valid, we can see where this request
            // needs to go
            if (req_ports_i[i].tag_valid) begin
              req_dest_d = req_dest_t'(cur_idx);
              // Here we enter if it is NOT a cache request
              if(req_dest_d != CACHE_REQ) begin
                   /* elided as req_dest_d == 0 (CACHE_REQ) */
              // If it is a normal cache request we just wait it out
              end else begin
                adec_state_d = WAIT_CACHE;
              end
              // If the request could already be answered in this cycle
              // we return to the idle state
              if(req_ports_o[i].data_rvalid) begin
                adec_state_d = IDLE;
              end
              // Speculative grants are only handed out to reads so we can
              // just re-enter the WAIT_TAG state while recording the new
              // index
              if(req_ports_o[i].data_gnt) begin
                addr_idx_d = req_ports_i[i].address_index;
                adec_state_d = WAIT_TAG;
              end
            end

If tag_valid is false, then we would be setting data_rvalid to whatever cache_parts_out says.

Since we stay with adec_state_d = WAIT_TAG, then either tag_valid is false, or data_gnt is true; if the latter was true then addr_idx_d would be different. And we say that it is e08 whilst addr_idx_q is e04, so we know that tag_valid is true and so is data_gnt (or maybe they're both X and everything is unhappy). Why is this type not elaborated in Surfer? Why is it an array of 290 bits?

On to the next layer...

[midnightveil]

 2222195ns   444435 M 000000008000212c 0 000087ae c.mv           a5, x0, a1            a5  :0000000000000014 a1  :0000000000000014
 2222200ns   444436 M 000000008000212e 0 fef42223 sw             a5, -28(s0)           a5  :0000000000000014 s0  :00000000807ffe00 VA: 00000000807ffde4 PA: 000000807ffde4
 2222440ns   444484 M 0000000080002132 0 fe442783 lw             a5, -28(s0)           a5  :0000000000000014 s0  :00000000807ffe00 VA: 00000000807ffde4 PA: 000000807ffde4
 2222445ns   444485 M 0000000080002136 0 fe843703 ld             a4, -24(s0)           a4  :0000000003002000 s0  :00000000807ffe00 VA: 00000000807ffde8 PA: 000000807ffde8
 2222450ns   444486 M 000000008000213a 0 000097ba c.add          a5, a5, a4            a5  :0000000003002014 a5  :0000000000000014 a4  :0000000003002000

I believe we're in this part of cache_ctrls.sv.

Not having Surfer able to expand the parts of the packed struct is annoying.

It looks like the data is not XX, it's 03020000 shifted left by 2. to become 0c00800 and data_ruser is XX, though I might be wrong there.

Off for today. I'd appreciate any advice for debugging this further, else I'll continue next week.

[creinwar]

I ran your binary and was able to reproduce your results. As I suspected (and also hinted at by the code snippet) the code is loading a 32-bit word from the stack. Since this is run with -O0, forcing the compiler to spill every local variable to the stack, you have an increased stack usage, moving into non-initialized areas. Since the store at PC 0x8000212e only writes the upper 32-bits of the 64-bit aligned at s0 - 32 the load at PC 0x80002132 gets a 64-bit word that is half X and half a5 over the 64-bit cache interface, which is exactly why the assertion fires.
However, since this is a 32-bit load, the X's are simply disregarded and never make it into CVA6's register file, which renders these X's harmless.

If you can live with the occasional assertion warning in your simulation log, you can safely ignore them.
If that is not an option for you, I would recommend you have a little helper function that zeros/initializes the stack before you use it.

I hope this clears things up a bit.

[midnightveil]

Yes, I think that makes sense. I think those assertions are overly sensitive then, or at least should (also) trigger when the bad data enters the cache (as opposed to leavss it?).

I think what really has confused me is that the assertion, when it prints out the data, is 32 bits, and shows no X? If it is a 64 bit r_data would not I expect it to show 64 bits with half of it uninitialised?

Also, would you be amenable to adjusting the ELF binary so the stack is zeroed on load? Either as part of bss zeroing or the SLINK load? This feels like unintuitive behaviour.

I'd also like to ask how exactly you narrowed this down: as I showed before the assertion doesn't show this, nor can I see it in the req_port_o output from the waveform I'm looking at. So I can understand how to figure this out my self.

[midnightveil]

Right. I see now that cl_i is the cacheline containing the data, which has a bunch of xxxxxxxx, i.e.

cl_i [127:0]: 00000000 03002000 00000000 xxxxxxxx

But that should be fine: the dache_req_ports_o[1].data_rdata; well really the req_port_o is 68 bits, i.e.

      localparam type dcache_req_o_t = struct packed {
        logic                                 data_gnt;
        logic                                 data_rvalid;
        logic [CVA6Cfg.DcacheIdWidth-1:0]     data_rid;
        logic [CVA6Cfg.XLEN-1:0]              data_rdata;
        logic [CVA6Cfg.DCACHE_USER_WIDTH-1:0] data_ruser;
      },

So we get: 0x_0c000000000c00800x as this packed struct value. That's a 69 bit value ([68:0].)
Specifically it's 0 1100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1100 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 00xx, i.e. 2 bits of X.

>>> hex(0x_0c000000000c008000 >> 2)
'0x30000000003002000'

This tells us that the ruser is 2 bits wide (which we can confirm via other means); so there is no X in the data_rdata which the assertion is triggering on.

I could understand this warning happening if it was becoming architectural, that is, there was XXXXXXX value in the request coming out of the cache. But there's not, only the ruser is XX.

---

The only possible explanation I can think of for this is that the assertion is too sensitive and evaluated strangely, specifically in here, that since immediately prior to the positive clock edge the req_data was 180000000xxxxxxxxx then the assertion could be grabbing the value prior to that? And then by the time VCS comes around to evaluating the $warning it's propagated through the clock cycle to the data_radata and that's now fine.

But then that seems like this assertion is just buggy.

      assert property (
          @(posedge clk_i) disable iff (~rst_ni) dcache_req_ports_o[j].data_rvalid |-> (|dcache_req_ports_o[j].data_rdata) !== 1'hX)
      else
        $warning(
            1,
            "[l1 dcache] reading invalid data on port %01d: data=%016X",
            j,
            dcache_req_ports_o[j].data_rdata
        );