diff --git a/backend/services/websocket_manager.py b/backend/services/websocket_manager.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1bb1db837
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/services/websocket_manager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+"""
+WebSocket Connection Manager — Manages active WebSocket connections with dynamic pool sizing.
+
+Reads pool bounds from environment variables:
+  WS_POOL_MIN_SIZE  — minimum pool size (default: 10)
+  WS_POOL_MAX_SIZE  — maximum pool size (default: 100)
+  WS_POOL_CLEANUP_INTERVAL — cleanup interval in seconds (default: 300)
+"""
+
+import os
+import logging
+import asyncio
+from typing import Dict, Set, Optional
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+
+handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+formatter = logging.Formatter("[WebSocketManager] %(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s")
+handler.setFormatter(formatter)
+logger.addHandler(handler)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class PoolConfig:
+    min_size: int = 10
+    max_size: int = 100
+    cleanup_interval: int = 300
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_env(cls) -> "PoolConfig":
+        return cls(
+            min_size=int(os.getenv("WS_POOL_MIN_SIZE", "10")),
+            max_size=int(os.getenv("WS_POOL_MAX_SIZE", "100")),
+            cleanup_interval=int(os.getenv("WS_POOL_CLEANUP_INTERVAL", "300")),
+        )
+
+
+class ConnectionManager:
+    def __init__(self, config: Optional[PoolConfig] = None):
+        self.config = config or PoolConfig.from_env()
+        self._connections: Dict[str, Set[object]] = {}
+        self._active_count: int = 0
+        self._cleanup_task: Optional[asyncio.Task] = None
+
+    @property
+    def active_connections(self) -> int:
+        return self._active_count
+
+    @property
+    def pool_size(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._connections)
+
+    def register(self, company_id: str, connection: object) -> bool:
+        if self._active_count >= self.config.max_size:
+            logger.warning(
+                f"Pool at max capacity ({self.config.max_size}), "
+                f"rejecting connection for company {company_id}"
+            )
+            return False
+
+        if company_id not in self._connections:
+            self._connections[company_id] = set()
+        self._connections[company_id].add(connection)
+        self._active_count += 1
+        return True
+
+    def unregister(self, company_id: str, connection: object) -> None:
+        if company_id in self._connections:
+            self._connections[company_id].discard(connection)
+            if not self._connections[company_id]:
+                del self._connections[company_id]
+            self._active_count = max(0, self._active_count - 1)
+
+    def get_connections(self, company_id: str) -> Set[object]:
+        return self._connections.get(company_id, set())
+
+    def broadcast(self, company_id: str, message: str) -> int:
+        sent = 0
+        for conn in self.get_connections(company_id):
+            try:
+                if hasattr(conn, "send") and callable(conn.send):
+                    conn.send(message)
+                    sent += 1
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Broadcast error for company {company_id}: {e}")
+        return sent
+
+    async def cleanup_stale(self) -> int:
+        removed = 0
+        now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+        for company_id in list(self._connections.keys()):
+            stale = set()
+            for conn in self._connections[company_id]:
+                last_active = getattr(conn, "last_active", now)
+                if hasattr(conn, "closed") and conn.closed:
+                    stale.add(conn)
+            for conn in stale:
+                self._connections[company_id].discard(conn)
+                self._active_count = max(0, self._active_count - 1)
+                removed += 1
+            if not self._connections[company_id]:
+                del self._connections[company_id]
+        if removed:
+            logger.info(f"Cleanup removed {removed} stale connection(s)")
+        return removed
+
+    async def start_cleanup_loop(self):
+        async def _loop():
+            while True:
+                await asyncio.sleep(self.config.cleanup_interval)
+                await self.cleanup_stale()
+
+        self._cleanup_task = asyncio.create_task(_loop())
+        logger.info(f"Cleanup loop started (interval={self.config.cleanup_interval}s)")
+
+    async def stop_cleanup_loop(self):
+        if self._cleanup_task:
+            self._cleanup_task.cancel()
+            self._cleanup_task = None
+            logger.info("Cleanup loop stopped")
+
+
+_instance: Optional[ConnectionManager] = None
+
+
+def load():
+    global _instance
+    if _instance is None:
+        config = PoolConfig.from_env()
+        _instance = ConnectionManager(config)
+        logger.info(
+            f"ConnectionManager loaded (min={config.min_size}, "
+            f"max={config.max_size}, cleanup={config.cleanup_interval}s)"
+        )
+    return _instance
+
+
+def get_instance() -> Optional[ConnectionManager]:
+    return _instance