diff --git a/Frontend/package-lock.json b/Frontend/package-lock.json
index 987d7b176..774161cd3 100644
--- a/Frontend/package-lock.json
+++ b/Frontend/package-lock.json
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
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@@ -50,11 +51,13 @@
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         "tailwindcss": "^3.4.19",
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+      "license": "MIT",
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+        "@babel/types": "^7.29.7"
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@@ -3411,6 +3646,17 @@
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+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/whatwg-url": {
       "version": "5.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/whatwg-url/-/whatwg-url-5.0.0.tgz",
@@ -10682,6 +11735,23 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/why-is-node-running": {
+      "version": "2.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/why-is-node-running/-/why-is-node-running-2.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hUrmaWBdVDcxvYqnyh09zunKzROWjbZTiNy8dBEjkS7ehEDQibXJ7XvlmtbwuTclUiIyN+CyXQD4Vmko8fNm8w==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "siginfo": "^2.0.0",
+        "stackback": "0.0.2"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "why-is-node-running": "cli.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/word-wrap": {
       "version": "1.2.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/word-wrap/-/word-wrap-1.2.5.tgz",
@@ -10762,6 +11832,23 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/xml-name-validator": {
+      "version": "5.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xml-name-validator/-/xml-name-validator-5.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-EvGK8EJ3DhaHfbRlETOWAS5pO9MZITeauHKJyb8wyajUfQUenkIg2MvLDTZ4T/TgIcm3HU0TFBgWWboAZ30UHg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/xmlchars": {
+      "version": "2.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xmlchars/-/xmlchars-2.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JZnDKK8B0RCDw84FNdDAIpZK+JuJw+s7Lz8nksI7SIuU3UXJJslUthsi+uWBUYOwPFwW7W7PRLRfUKpxjtjFCw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/yallist": {
       "version": "3.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yallist/-/yallist-3.1.1.tgz",
diff --git a/Frontend/package.json b/Frontend/package.json
index e4383c105..254cc4f03 100644
--- a/Frontend/package.json
+++ b/Frontend/package.json
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "lint": "eslint . --ext js,jsx --report-unused-disable-directives --max-warnings 0",
     "preview": "vite preview",
     "prepare": "husky install",
-    "format": "prettier --write ."
+    "format": "prettier --write .",
+    "test": "vitest run"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@google/generative-ai": "^0.24.1",
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@
     "@types/react": "^19.2.7",
     "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.3",
     "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^5.1.1",
+    "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.1.8",
     "autoprefixer": "^10.4.24",
     "eslint": "^9.39.2",
     "eslint-config-prettier": "^10.1.8",
@@ -54,11 +56,13 @@
     "eslint-plugin-react-refresh": "^0.4.24",
     "globals": "^16.5.0",
     "husky": "^9.1.7",
+    "jsdom": "^29.1.1",
     "lint-staged": "^16.2.7",
     "postcss": "^8.5.6",
     "prettier": "^3.8.1",
     "tailwindcss": "^3.4.19",
-    "vite": "^7.3.1"
+    "vite": "^7.3.1",
+    "vitest": "^4.1.8"
   },
   "lint-staged": "{'*.{js,jsx}': ['eslint --fix', 'prettier --write']}"
 }
diff --git a/Frontend/src/admin/pages/AdminDashboard.jsx b/Frontend/src/admin/pages/AdminDashboard.jsx
index 6625b361f..e9ecfc60d 100644
--- a/Frontend/src/admin/pages/AdminDashboard.jsx
+++ b/Frontend/src/admin/pages/AdminDashboard.jsx
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { supabase } from "../../lib/supabaseClient";
 import StatCard from "../components/StatCard";
 import TicketTable from "../components/TicketTable";
 import { formatTimelineDate } from "../../utils/dateUtils";
+import KnowledgeGraphViewer from '../../components/KnowledgeGraphViewer';
 
 // Inline SVG icon components
 const TicketIcon = () => (
@@ -220,6 +221,15 @@ const AdminDashboard = () => {
                 </div>
             </div>
 
+            {/* Knowledge Graph visualizer section */}
+            <div className="space-y-4">
+                <h2 style={{ fontFamily: 'Syne, sans-serif', fontSize: '15px', fontWeight: 700, color: '#0f1f12', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '8px' }}>
+                    <svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="#16a34a" strokeWidth="2"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="3"/><path d="M12 1v4M12 19v4M4.22 4.22l2.83 2.83M16.95 16.95l2.83 2.83M1 12h4M19 12h4M4.22 19.78l2.83-2.83M16.95 7.05l2.83-2.83"/></svg>
+                    Infrastructure Knowledge Graph
+                </h2>
+                <KnowledgeGraphViewer />
+            </div>
+
             {/* Pulse dot animation */}
             <style>{`
                 @keyframes pulse-dot {
diff --git a/Frontend/src/components/KnowledgeGraphViewer.jsx b/Frontend/src/components/KnowledgeGraphViewer.jsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b321f044c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Frontend/src/components/KnowledgeGraphViewer.jsx
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+import React, { useState, useEffect, useMemo } from 'react';
+
+// Modern curated color palette (HSL) for node types
+const TYPE_COLORS = {
+  SERVER: { bg: 'hsl(217, 91%, 60%)', border: 'hsl(217, 91%, 45%)', text: '#ffffff' },
+  DATABASE: { bg: 'hsl(142, 71%, 45%)', border: 'hsl(142, 71%, 30%)', text: '#ffffff' },
+  SERVICE: { bg: 'hsl(270, 76%, 60%)', border: 'hsl(270, 76%, 45%)', text: '#ffffff' },
+  APPLICATION: { bg: 'hsl(339, 90%, 60%)', border: 'hsl(339, 90%, 45%)', text: '#ffffff' },
+  API: { bg: 'hsl(32, 98%, 50%)', border: 'hsl(32, 98%, 40%)', text: '#ffffff' },
+  TEAM: { bg: 'hsl(175, 75%, 40%)', border: 'hsl(175, 75%, 30%)', text: '#ffffff' },
+  TICKET: { bg: 'hsl(0, 84%, 60%)', border: 'hsl(0, 84%, 45%)', text: '#ffffff' },
+  ERROR_CODE: { bg: 'hsl(28, 90%, 55%)', border: 'hsl(28, 90%, 40%)', text: '#ffffff' },
+  UNKNOWN: { bg: 'hsl(200, 10%, 50%)', border: 'hsl(200, 10%, 40%)', text: '#ffffff' }
+};
+
+export default function KnowledgeGraphViewer({ ticketContext = null }) {
+  const [nodes, setNodes] = useState([]);
+  const [edges, setEdges] = useState([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState(null);
+  
+  // Interactive states
+  const [searchTerm, setSearchTerm] = useState('');
+  const [selectedNodeId, setSelectedNodeId] = useState(null);
+  const [selectedTypeFilter, setSelectedTypeFilter] = useState('ALL');
+  const [showCauseEffectOnly, setShowCauseEffectOnly] = useState(false);
+
+  // Position nodes dynamically
+  const [nodePositions, setNodePositions] = useState({});
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    async function loadGraphData() {
+      try {
+        setLoading(true);
+        // Fetch nodes & edges from our new backend APIs
+        const nodesRes = await fetch('http://localhost:8000/ai/knowledge_graph/nodes');
+        const edgesRes = await fetch('http://localhost:8000/ai/knowledge_graph/edges');
+        
+        if (!nodesRes.ok || !edgesRes.ok) {
+          throw new Error('Failed to retrieve knowledge graph metadata');
+        }
+        
+        const nodesData = await nodesRes.json();
+        const edgesData = await edgesRes.json();
+        
+        setNodes(nodesData);
+        setEdges(edgesData);
+        
+        // Compute positions (Circular layout for predictability and neat visualization)
+        const positions = {};
+        const radius = 220;
+        const centerX = 350;
+        const centerY = 280;
+        
+        nodesData.forEach((node, index) => {
+          const angle = (index / nodesData.length) * 2 * Math.PI;
+          positions[node.id] = {
+            x: centerX + radius * Math.cos(angle),
+            y: centerY + radius * Math.sin(angle)
+          };
+        });
+        
+        setNodePositions(positions);
+        setLoading(false);
+      } catch (err) {
+        console.error(err);
+        setError(err.message);
+        setLoading(false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    loadGraphData();
+  }, []);
+
+  // Filter nodes & edges
+  const filteredNodes = useMemo(() => {
+    return nodes.filter(node => {
+      const matchesSearch = node.name.toLowerCase().includes(searchTerm.toLowerCase()) || 
+                            node.id.toLowerCase().includes(searchTerm.toLowerCase());
+      const matchesType = selectedTypeFilter === 'ALL' || node.type === selectedTypeFilter;
+      
+      if (showCauseEffectOnly && ticketContext?.cause_effect_chain) {
+        return ticketContext.cause_effect_chain.includes(node.id);
+      }
+      
+      return matchesSearch && matchesType;
+    });
+  }, [nodes, searchTerm, selectedTypeFilter, showCauseEffectOnly, ticketContext]);
+
+  const filteredEdges = useMemo(() => {
+    const activeNodeIds = new Set(filteredNodes.map(n => n.id));
+    return edges.filter(edge => {
+      return activeNodeIds.has(edge.source_id) && activeNodeIds.has(edge.target_id);
+    });
+  }, [edges, filteredNodes]);
+
+  const selectedNode = useMemo(() => {
+    return nodes.find(n => n.id === selectedNodeId) || null;
+  }, [nodes, selectedNodeId]);
+
+  // Selected node relationships details
+  const nodeRelationships = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!selectedNodeId) return [];
+    return edges.filter(e => e.source_id === selectedNodeId || e.target_id === selectedNodeId)
+      .map(e => {
+        const isSource = e.source_id === selectedNodeId;
+        const partnerId = isSource ? e.target_id : e.source_id;
+        const partnerNode = nodes.find(n => n.id === partnerId);
+        return {
+          type: e.relationship_type,
+          partnerName: partnerNode ? partnerNode.name : partnerId,
+          partnerType: partnerNode ? partnerNode.type : 'UNKNOWN',
+          direction: isSource ? 'outgoing' : 'incoming'
+        };
+      });
+  }, [edges, selectedNodeId, nodes]);
+
+  if (loading) {
+    return (
+      <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center p-12 bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl shadow-xl min-h-[300px]">
+        <div className="animate-spin rounded-full h-12 w-12 border-t-2 border-b-2 border-emerald-500 mb-4"></div>
+        <p className="text-slate-400 font-medium animate-pulse">Initializing Knowledge Graph Orchestration...</p>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (error) {
+    return (
+      <div className="p-8 bg-slate-900 border border-red-900/30 rounded-2xl shadow-xl text-center">
+        <div className="text-red-500 text-4xl mb-3">⚠️</div>
+        <h4 className="text-slate-200 font-bold mb-2">Knowledge Graph Offline</h4>
+        <p className="text-slate-400 text-sm max-w-md mx-auto mb-4">{error}</p>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6 bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800/80 rounded-2xl p-6 shadow-2xl text-slate-100 font-sans">
+      
+      {/* Search & Controller Side Panel */}
+      <div className="flex flex-col gap-5 bg-slate-950/50 border border-slate-800/60 rounded-xl p-5 shadow-inner">
+        <div>
+          <h3 className="text-lg font-bold text-emerald-400 mb-1">Entity Intelligence</h3>
+          <p className="text-xs text-slate-400">Search and navigate structural infrastructure dependencies.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        {/* Search */}
+        <div className="relative">
+          <input
+            type="text"
+            placeholder="Search servers, databases..."
+            value={searchTerm}
+            onChange={(e) => setSearchTerm(e.target.value)}
+            className="w-full bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 focus:border-emerald-500 rounded-lg py-2 px-3 pl-9 text-sm text-slate-100 focus:outline-none transition-colors"
+          />
+          <span className="absolute left-3 top-2.5 text-slate-500">🔍</span>
+        </div>
+
+        {/* Type Filter */}
+        <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
+          <label className="text-xs font-semibold uppercase text-slate-500 tracking-wider">Filter Entity Type</label>
+          <select
+            value={selectedTypeFilter}
+            onChange={(e) => setSelectedTypeFilter(e.target.value)}
+            className="w-full bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 focus:border-emerald-500 rounded-lg py-2 px-3 text-sm text-slate-200 focus:outline-none"
+          >
+            <option value="ALL">All Types</option>
+            {Object.keys(TYPE_COLORS).map(type => (
+              <option key={type} value={type}>{type}</option>
+            ))}
+          </select>
+        </div>
+
+        {/* Cause-Effect toggle for active ticket */}
+        {ticketContext?.cause_effect_chain && (
+          <div className="flex items-center justify-between bg-emerald-950/20 border border-emerald-900/30 rounded-lg p-3">
+            <div className="flex flex-col">
+              <span className="text-sm font-semibold text-emerald-400">Incident Propagation Path</span>
+              <span className="text-xs text-slate-400">Show root cause triggers</span>
+            </div>
+            <button
+              onClick={() => setShowCauseEffectOnly(!showCauseEffectOnly)}
+              className={`w-12 h-6 rounded-full p-1 transition-colors duration-200 focus:outline-none ${showCauseEffectOnly ? 'bg-emerald-500' : 'bg-slate-800'}`}
+            >
+              <div className={`w-4 h-4 rounded-full bg-white transition-transform duration-200 transform ${showCauseEffectOnly ? 'translate-x-6' : 'translate-x-0'}`}></div>
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        )}
+
+        {/* Selected Node Details */}
+        <div className="flex-1 border-t border-slate-800/80 pt-4">
+          {selectedNode ? (
+            <div className="flex flex-col gap-3 animate-fadeIn">
+              <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                <span
+                  className="w-3 h-3 rounded-full border"
+                  style={{
+                    backgroundColor: TYPE_COLORS[selectedNode.type]?.bg || TYPE_COLORS.UNKNOWN.bg,
+                    borderColor: TYPE_COLORS[selectedNode.type]?.border || TYPE_COLORS.UNKNOWN.border
+                  }}
+                />
+                <span className="text-xs font-bold text-slate-500 uppercase tracking-widest">{selectedNode.type}</span>
+              </div>
+              
+              <h4 className="text-base font-extrabold text-slate-100">{selectedNode.name}</h4>
+              <p className="text-xs text-slate-400 font-mono bg-slate-900/80 p-2 rounded border border-slate-850">ID: {selectedNode.id}</p>
+
+              {/* Node Metadata Properties */}
+              <div className="flex flex-col gap-1.5 mt-2">
+                <h5 className="text-xs font-bold uppercase text-slate-500">Node Configuration</h5>
+                <div className="max-h-[120px] overflow-y-auto pr-1 flex flex-col gap-1 text-xs text-slate-350">
+                  {Object.entries(selectedNode.metadata || {}).map(([key, val]) => (
+                    key !== 'aliases' && (
+                      <div key={key} className="flex justify-between py-1 border-b border-slate-900/40">
+                        <span className="font-semibold text-slate-400 capitalize">{key.replace('_', ' ')}</span>
+                        <span className="text-slate-250 truncate max-w-[140px]">{String(val)}</span>
+                      </div>
+                    )
+                  ))}
+                </div>
+              </div>
+
+              {/* Relationships */}
+              <div className="flex flex-col gap-2 mt-2">
+                <h5 className="text-xs font-bold uppercase text-slate-500">Structural Links ({nodeRelationships.length})</h5>
+                <div className="max-h-[140px] overflow-y-auto flex flex-col gap-1">
+                  {nodeRelationships.map((rel, idx) => (
+                    <div key={idx} className="flex items-center justify-between bg-slate-900/50 p-2 rounded border border-slate-800/35 text-[11px]">
+                      <span className="text-slate-400 font-medium">
+                        {rel.direction === 'outgoing' ? '➔' : '⇠'} {rel.partnerName}
+                      </span>
+                      <span className="text-emerald-400 font-semibold uppercase text-[9px] bg-emerald-950/40 px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded border border-emerald-900/30">
+                        {rel.type}
+                      </span>
+                    </div>
+                  ))}
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          ) : (
+            <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center text-center p-6 border border-dashed border-slate-800 rounded-xl h-full min-h-[180px]">
+              <span className="text-2xl mb-2">🕸️</span>
+              <p className="text-xs text-slate-400">Select a node on the canvas to inspect dependencies, owner teams, and alert propagations.</p>
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* SVG Canvas Board */}
+      <div className="lg:col-span-2 relative bg-slate-950 border border-slate-800/80 rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-inner flex items-center justify-center min-h-[450px]">
+        {/* Neon Glow filters for premium visual visualizer */}
+        <svg className="absolute inset-0 w-full h-full pointer-events-none" style={{ visibility: 'hidden', position: 'absolute' }}>
+          <defs>
+            <filter id="neon-glow-red" x="-20%" y="-20%" width="140%" height="140%">
+              <feGaussianBlur stdDeviation="3" result="blur" />
+              <feMerge>
+                <feMergeNode in="blur" />
+                <feMergeNode in="SourceGraphic" />
+              </feMerge>
+            </filter>
+            <filter id="neon-glow-emerald" x="-20%" y="-20%" width="140%" height="140%">
+              <feGaussianBlur stdDeviation="4" result="blur" />
+              <feMerge>
+                <feMergeNode in="blur" />
+                <feMergeNode in="SourceGraphic" />
+              </feMerge>
+            </filter>
+          </defs>
+        </svg>
+
+        {/* Primary Interactive Graph Render */}
+        <svg viewBox="0 0 700 560" className="w-full h-full max-h-[560px] cursor-grab select-none">
+          {/* Render Connection Edges */}
+          <g>
+            {filteredEdges.map((edge, idx) => {
+              const posS = nodePositions[edge.source_id];
+              const posT = nodePositions[edge.target_id];
+              
+              if (!posS || !posT) return null;
+              
+              // Verify if edge is part of cause effect chain
+              const isCausePath = ticketContext?.cause_effect_chain &&
+                                  ticketContext.cause_effect_chain.includes(edge.source_id) &&
+                                  ticketContext.cause_effect_chain.includes(edge.target_id);
+
+              return (
+                <g key={edge.id || idx}>
+                  <line
+                    x1={posS.x}
+                    y1={posS.y}
+                    x2={posT.x}
+                    y2={posT.y}
+                    stroke={isCausePath ? 'hsl(0, 84%, 60%)' : 'rgba(100, 116, 139, 0.4)'}
+                    strokeWidth={isCausePath ? 3.5 : 1.5}
+                    strokeDasharray={isCausePath ? '8,5' : 'none'}
+                    className={isCausePath ? 'animate-dash' : ''}
+                    filter={isCausePath ? 'url(#neon-glow-red)' : ''}
+                  />
+                  {/* Small relationship type badge on line midpoint */}
+                  <text
+                    x={(posS.x + posT.x) / 2}
+                    y={(posS.y + posT.y) / 2 - 5}
+                    fill={isCausePath ? 'hsl(0, 84%, 75%)' : '#64748b'}
+                    fontSize="9px"
+                    fontWeight="bold"
+                    textAnchor="middle"
+                    className="bg-slate-950 px-1 py-0.5 rounded pointer-events-none uppercase tracking-wider"
+                  >
+                    {edge.relationship_type}
+                  </text>
+                </g>
+              );
+            })}
+          </g>
+
+          {/* Render Active Nodes */}
+          <g>
+            {filteredNodes.map(node => {
+              const pos = nodePositions[node.id];
+              if (!pos) return null;
+              
+              const isSelected = selectedNodeId === node.id;
+              const style = TYPE_COLORS[node.type] || TYPE_COLORS.UNKNOWN;
+              const isCauseChainNode = ticketContext?.cause_effect_chain && 
+                                       ticketContext.cause_effect_chain.includes(node.id);
+
+              return (
+                <g
+                  key={node.id}
+                  transform={`translate(${pos.x}, ${pos.y})`}
+                  onClick={() => setSelectedNodeId(node.id)}
+                  className="cursor-pointer group"
+                >
+                  {/* Glowing outer circle indicator */}
+                  <circle
+                    r={isSelected ? 26 : (isCauseChainNode ? 22 : 18)}
+                    fill="none"
+                    stroke={isSelected ? 'hsl(142, 71%, 45%)' : (isCauseChainNode ? 'hsl(0, 84%, 60%)' : style.border)}
+                    strokeWidth={isSelected ? 3 : 1.5}
+                    filter={isSelected ? 'url(#neon-glow-emerald)' : (isCauseChainNode ? 'url(#neon-glow-red)' : '')}
+                    className="transition-all duration-300 group-hover:scale-110"
+                  />
+                  {/* Inner color filled circle */}
+                  <circle
+                    r={isSelected ? 20 : (isCauseChainNode ? 17 : 14)}
+                    fill={style.bg}
+                    stroke={style.border}
+                    strokeWidth={1}
+                  />
+                  {/* Label tag */}
+                  <text
+                    y={32}
+                    fill={isSelected ? '#10b981' : '#cbd5e1'}
+                    fontSize={isSelected ? '12px' : '10px'}
+                    fontWeight={isSelected || isCauseChainNode ? 'bold' : 'normal'}
+                    textAnchor="middle"
+                    className="pointer-events-none drop-shadow"
+                  >
+                    {node.name}
+                  </text>
+                  
+                  {/* Little icon representation */}
+                  <text
+                    y={4}
+                    fill="#ffffff"
+                    fontSize={isSelected ? '11px' : '9px'}
+                    fontWeight="bold"
+                    textAnchor="middle"
+                    className="pointer-events-none select-none"
+                  >
+                    {node.type[0]}
+                  </text>
+                </g>
+              );
+            })}
+          </g>
+        </svg>
+
+        {/* Legend */}
+        <div className="absolute bottom-3 left-3 flex flex-wrap gap-2 max-w-[85%] bg-slate-900/90 backdrop-blur border border-slate-800 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-[9px] shadow-lg pointer-events-none">
+          {Object.entries(TYPE_COLORS).map(([type, color]) => (
+            <div key={type} className="flex items-center gap-1">
+              <span className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full" style={{ backgroundColor: color.bg }} />
+              <span className="text-slate-300 font-semibold">{type}</span>
+            </div>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      
+      {/* Styles for stroke animation */}
+      <style dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{__html: `
+        @keyframes dash {
+          to {
+            stroke-dashoffset: -20;
+          }
+        }
+        .animate-dash {
+          animation: dash 1s linear infinite;
+        }
+        @keyframes fadeIn {
+          from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(4px); }
+          to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
+        }
+        .animate-fadeIn {
+          animation: fadeIn 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1) forwards;
+        }
+      `}} />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/Frontend/src/services/__tests__/api.retry.test.js b/Frontend/src/services/__tests__/api.retry.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fc11b318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Frontend/src/services/__tests__/api.retry.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for the retry logic implemented in api.js.
+ *
+ * Run with:  npx vitest run src/services/__tests__/api.retry.test.js
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Inline the retry utilities under test so we can exercise them in isolation
+// without importing the full api module (which has side-effects like reading
+// environment variables and localStorage).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES = new Set([500, 502, 503, 504]);
+const NON_RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES = new Set([400, 401, 403, 404, 422]);
+const MAX_RETRIES = 3;
+const TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES = 2;
+const BASE_DELAY_MS = 100;
+
+const delay = (ms) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+
+const isRetryable = (error) => {
+  if (!error.response) return true;
+  const status = error.response.status;
+  if (status === 429) return true;
+  return RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES.has(status);
+};
+
+const isTimeout = (error) =>
+  error.code === 'ECONNABORTED' || error.message?.includes('timeout');
+
+const getRetryDelay = (error, attempt) => {
+  if (error.response?.status === 429) {
+    const retryAfterHeader = error.response.headers?.['retry-after'];
+    if (retryAfterHeader) {
+      const seconds = parseFloat(retryAfterHeader);
+      if (!Number.isNaN(seconds) && seconds > 0) return seconds * 1000;
+    }
+    return BASE_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, attempt);
+  }
+  return BASE_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, attempt);
+};
+
+const logRetryEvent = vi.fn();
+
+const withRetry = async (requestFn, endpoint = 'unknown') => {
+  let attempt = 0;
+  while (true) {
+    try {
+      return await requestFn();
+    } catch (error) {
+      const timeout = isTimeout(error);
+      const retryable = isRetryable(error);
+      const status = error.response?.status;
+
+      if (status && NON_RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES.has(status)) throw error;
+      if (!retryable) throw error;
+
+      const maxAllowed = timeout ? TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES : MAX_RETRIES;
+      if (attempt >= maxAllowed) throw error;
+
+      attempt += 1;
+      const reason = status ? String(status) : timeout ? 'timeout' : 'network_error';
+      logRetryEvent(endpoint, attempt, reason);
+
+      const waitMs = getRetryDelay(error, attempt);
+      await delay(waitMs);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** Build a minimal axios-like error with an HTTP status code. */
+const httpError = (status, headers = {}) => {
+  const err = new Error(`Request failed with status code ${status}`);
+  err.response = { status, headers };
+  return err;
+};
+
+/** Build a network-level error (no response). */
+const networkError = (msg = 'Network Error') => new Error(msg);
+
+/** Build a timeout error matching axios ECONNABORTED convention. */
+const timeoutError = () => {
+  const err = new Error('timeout of 5000ms exceeded');
+  err.code = 'ECONNABORTED';
+  return err;
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// isRetryable
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('isRetryable', () => {
+  it('returns true for 500 Internal Server Error', () => {
+    expect(isRetryable(httpError(500))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('returns true for 502 Bad Gateway', () => {
+    expect(isRetryable(httpError(502))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('returns true for 503 Service Unavailable', () => {
+    expect(isRetryable(httpError(503))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('returns true for 504 Gateway Timeout', () => {
+    expect(isRetryable(httpError(504))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('returns true for 429 Too Many Requests', () => {
+    expect(isRetryable(httpError(429))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('returns true for network errors (no response object)', () => {
+    expect(isRetryable(networkError())).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('returns false for 400 Bad Request', () => {
+    expect(isRetryable(httpError(400))).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('returns false for 401 Unauthorized', () => {
+    expect(isRetryable(httpError(401))).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('returns false for 403 Forbidden', () => {
+    expect(isRetryable(httpError(403))).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('returns false for 404 Not Found', () => {
+    expect(isRetryable(httpError(404))).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('returns false for 422 Unprocessable Entity', () => {
+    expect(isRetryable(httpError(422))).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// isTimeout
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('isTimeout', () => {
+  it('identifies ECONNABORTED as a timeout', () => {
+    expect(isTimeout(timeoutError())).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('identifies message containing "timeout" as a timeout', () => {
+    expect(isTimeout(new Error('connect timeout'))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('returns false for a plain network error', () => {
+    expect(isTimeout(networkError())).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// getRetryDelay — exponential backoff schedule
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('getRetryDelay — exponential backoff', () => {
+  it('returns 200 ms on attempt 1 (100 * 2^1)', () => {
+    expect(getRetryDelay(httpError(503), 1)).toBe(200);
+  });
+
+  it('returns 400 ms on attempt 2 (100 * 2^2)', () => {
+    expect(getRetryDelay(httpError(503), 2)).toBe(400);
+  });
+
+  it('returns 800 ms on attempt 3 (100 * 2^3)', () => {
+    expect(getRetryDelay(httpError(503), 3)).toBe(800);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// getRetryDelay — 429 with Retry-After header
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('getRetryDelay — 429 with Retry-After header', () => {
+  it('converts Retry-After seconds to milliseconds', () => {
+    const err = httpError(429, { 'retry-after': '5' });
+    expect(getRetryDelay(err, 1)).toBe(5000);
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to exponential backoff when Retry-After is absent', () => {
+    expect(getRetryDelay(httpError(429), 1)).toBe(200);
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to exponential backoff when Retry-After is not a valid number', () => {
+    const err = httpError(429, { 'retry-after': 'invalid' });
+    expect(getRetryDelay(err, 1)).toBe(200);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// withRetry — success on first attempt (no retries)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('withRetry — success on first attempt', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    logRetryEvent.mockClear();
+  });
+  afterEach(() => vi.useRealTimers());
+
+  it('resolves immediately with no retry when the first call succeeds', async () => {
+    const fn = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: 'ok' });
+    const promise = withRetry(fn, '/api/test');
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+    await expect(promise).resolves.toEqual({ data: 'ok' });
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(logRetryEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// withRetry — 5xx retries with eventual success
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('withRetry — 5xx retries', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    logRetryEvent.mockClear();
+  });
+  afterEach(() => vi.useRealTimers());
+
+  it('retries twice on 503 then resolves on the third call', async () => {
+    const fn = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(httpError(503))
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(httpError(503))
+      .mockResolvedValue({ data: 'recovered' });
+
+    const promise = withRetry(fn, '/api/tickets');
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+    await expect(promise).resolves.toEqual({ data: 'recovered' });
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(logRetryEvent).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(logRetryEvent).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, '/api/tickets', 1, '503');
+    expect(logRetryEvent).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, '/api/tickets', 2, '503');
+  });
+
+  it('throws after exhausting all MAX_RETRIES (4 total calls)', async () => {
+    const fn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(httpError(503));
+    const assertion = expect(withRetry(fn, '/api/tickets')).rejects.toThrow('Request failed with status code 503');
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+    await assertion;
+    // 1 initial + 3 retries
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4);
+    expect(logRetryEvent).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// withRetry — 4xx permanent errors (never retried)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('withRetry — 4xx permanent errors', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    logRetryEvent.mockClear();
+  });
+  afterEach(() => vi.useRealTimers());
+
+  it('does not retry 400 — fails immediately', async () => {
+    const fn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(httpError(400));
+    await expect(withRetry(fn, '/api/test')).rejects.toThrow('400');
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(logRetryEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('does not retry 401 — fails immediately', async () => {
+    const fn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(httpError(401));
+    await expect(withRetry(fn, '/api/test')).rejects.toThrow('401');
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(logRetryEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('does not retry 403 — fails immediately', async () => {
+    const fn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(httpError(403));
+    await expect(withRetry(fn, '/api/test')).rejects.toThrow('403');
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(logRetryEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('does not retry 404 — fails immediately', async () => {
+    const fn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(httpError(404));
+    await expect(withRetry(fn, '/api/test')).rejects.toThrow('404');
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(logRetryEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('does not retry 422 — fails immediately', async () => {
+    const fn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(httpError(422));
+    await expect(withRetry(fn, '/api/test')).rejects.toThrow('422');
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(logRetryEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// withRetry — timeout recovery
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('withRetry — timeout recovery', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    logRetryEvent.mockClear();
+  });
+  afterEach(() => vi.useRealTimers());
+
+  it('retries a timeout once then resolves', async () => {
+    const fn = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(timeoutError())
+      .mockResolvedValue({ data: 'ok' });
+
+    const promise = withRetry(fn, '/api/tickets');
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+    await expect(promise).resolves.toEqual({ data: 'ok' });
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(logRetryEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/tickets', 1, 'timeout');
+  });
+
+  it('throws after exhausting TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES (3 total calls)', async () => {
+    const fn = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(timeoutError());
+    const assertion = expect(withRetry(fn, '/api/test')).rejects.toThrow('timeout');
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+    await assertion;
+    // 1 initial + 2 timeout retries
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// withRetry — 429 rate limit with Retry-After header
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('withRetry — 429 rate limit', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    logRetryEvent.mockClear();
+  });
+  afterEach(() => vi.useRealTimers());
+
+  it('waits Retry-After duration then resolves', async () => {
+    const fn = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(httpError(429, { 'retry-after': '5' }))
+      .mockResolvedValue({ data: 'ok' });
+
+    const promise = withRetry(fn, '/api/tickets');
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+    await expect(promise).resolves.toEqual({ data: 'ok' });
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(logRetryEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/tickets', 1, '429');
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// withRetry — network error (no response object)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('withRetry — network error', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    logRetryEvent.mockClear();
+  });
+  afterEach(() => vi.useRealTimers());
+
+  it('retries a network error then resolves', async () => {
+    const fn = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(networkError())
+      .mockResolvedValue({ data: 'ok' });
+
+    const promise = withRetry(fn, '/api/test');
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+    await expect(promise).resolves.toEqual({ data: 'ok' });
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(logRetryEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/test', 1, 'network_error');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/Frontend/src/services/api.js b/Frontend/src/services/api.js
index c5376389d..226e3a2cb 100644
--- a/Frontend/src/services/api.js
+++ b/Frontend/src/services/api.js
@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@ const API_BASE_URL = API_CONFIG.BACKEND_URL;
 
 const delay = (ms) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
 
+const getSlaBreachAt = (priority = 'Low') => {
+  const hoursMap = { Critical: 2, High: 8, Medium: 24, Low: 72 };
+  const slaHours = hoursMap[priority] || 72;
+  return new Date(Date.now() + slaHours * 60 * 60 * 1000).toISOString();
+};
+
 // Safe helper to get data from storage or default
 const getStorage = (key, defaultData) => {
   try {
@@ -32,11 +38,151 @@ const setStorage = (key, data) => {
   }
 };
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Retry configuration
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** Status codes that represent transient server-side failures and are safe to retry. */
+const RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES = new Set([500, 502, 503, 504]);
+
+/** 4xx codes that indicate a permanent client error — never retry these. */
+const NON_RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES = new Set([400, 401, 403, 404, 422]);
+
+const MAX_RETRIES = 3;
+const TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES = 2;
+const BASE_DELAY_MS = 100;
+
+/**
+ * Returns true when the error represents a transient failure that may succeed
+ * on a subsequent attempt.
+ *
+ * @param {Error} error - The axios error object.
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+const isRetryable = (error) => {
+  // Network-level errors (no response received) are always retryable.
+  if (!error.response) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  const status = error.response.status;
+  // 429 Too Many Requests is handled separately but is still retryable.
+  if (status === 429) return true;
+  return RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES.has(status);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns true when the error is a request timeout.
+ *
+ * @param {Error} error - The axios error object.
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+const isTimeout = (error) => error.code === 'ECONNABORTED' || error.message?.includes('timeout');
+
+/**
+ * Calculates the delay before the next retry attempt.
+ *
+ * For 429 responses the server-supplied Retry-After header is respected when
+ * present, otherwise exponential backoff is used as a fallback.
+ *
+ * For all other transient errors the standard exponential schedule is used:
+ *   delay = BASE_DELAY_MS * 2^attempt  →  100 ms, 200 ms, 400 ms …
+ *
+ * @param {Error} error      - The axios error object.
+ * @param {number} attempt   - The current attempt index (0-based).
+ * @returns {number}         - Milliseconds to wait before the next attempt.
+ */
+const getRetryDelay = (error, attempt) => {
+  if (error.response?.status === 429) {
+    const retryAfterHeader = error.response.headers?.['retry-after'];
+    if (retryAfterHeader) {
+      const seconds = parseFloat(retryAfterHeader);
+      if (!Number.isNaN(seconds) && seconds > 0) {
+        return seconds * 1000;
+      }
+    }
+    // No Retry-After header — fall back to exponential backoff without a cap
+    // so the client continues to back off respectfully.
+    return BASE_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, attempt);
+  }
+  return BASE_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, attempt);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Logs a retry analytics event to the console.  In a production setup this
+ * would be forwarded to an observability backend.
+ *
+ * @param {string} endpoint  - The URL that was requested.
+ * @param {number} attempt   - The retry attempt number (1-based).
+ * @param {string} reason    - Human-readable failure reason.
+ */
+const logRetryEvent = (endpoint, attempt, reason) => {
+  console.info('[RetryAnalytics]', {
+    event: 'request_retry',
+    endpoint,
+    attempt,
+    reason,
+    timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Centralized retry wrapper for all outbound HTTP requests.
+ *
+ * Retry policy:
+ *  - Permanent 4xx errors  → fail immediately, no retries.
+ *  - Network timeouts       → retry up to TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES times.
+ *  - 5xx / network errors  → retry up to MAX_RETRIES times with exponential backoff.
+ *  - 429 Rate Limited       → retry using Retry-After header or exponential backoff.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} requestFn - An async function that performs the axios call.
+ * @param {string}   endpoint  - Endpoint label used in analytics logging.
+ * @returns {Promise<*>}       - Resolves with the axios response.
+ */
+const withRetry = async (requestFn, endpoint = 'unknown') => {
+  let attempt = 0;
+
+  while (true) {
+    try {
+      return await requestFn();
+    } catch (error) {
+      const timeout = isTimeout(error);
+      const retryable = isRetryable(error);
+      const status = error.response?.status;
+
+      // Permanent client errors — surface immediately.
+      if (status && NON_RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES.has(status)) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+
+      // Not a retryable class of error at all — propagate.
+      if (!retryable) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+
+      const maxAllowed = timeout ? TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES : MAX_RETRIES;
+
+      if (attempt >= maxAllowed) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+
+      attempt += 1;
+      const reason = status ? String(status) : timeout ? 'timeout' : 'network_error';
+      logRetryEvent(endpoint, attempt, reason);
+
+      const waitMs = getRetryDelay(error, attempt);
+      await delay(waitMs);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Public API surface
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 export const api = {
   // Login and Signup have been fully migrated to Supabase via authStore.js
   // Ensure that no component tries to use api.login or api.signup anymore.
 
-
   getTickets: async () => {
     if (USE_MOCK) {
       await delay(500);
@@ -49,7 +195,7 @@ export const api = {
       await delay(800);
       const tickets = getStorage('tickets', MOCK_TICKETS);
       const newTicket = {
-        ticket_id: "TCKT-" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000),
+        ticket_id: 'TCKT-' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000),
         status: 'Open',
         createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
         ...ticketData,
@@ -57,9 +203,9 @@ export const api = {
           {
             sender: 'user',
             message: ticketData.description || ticketData.summary || '',
-            timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
-          }
-        ]
+            timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+          },
+        ],
       };
       tickets.unshift(newTicket); // Add to beginning
       setStorage('tickets', tickets);
@@ -67,21 +213,28 @@ export const api = {
     }
   },
 
-  predictTicket: async (issueText, imageBase64 = "") => {
+  predictTicket: async (issueText, imageBase64 = '') => {
     try {
-      // ALWAYS call the real backend for prediction if possible
-      const response = await axios.post(`${API_BASE_URL}/ai/analyze_ticket`, {
-        text: issueText,
-        image_base64: imageBase64,
-        image_text: ""
-      });
+      const currentUser = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem('currentUser') || '{}');
+
+      // ALWAYS call the real backend for prediction if possible, with retry logic.
+      const response = await withRetry(
+        () =>
+          axios.post(`${API_BASE_URL}/ai/analyze_ticket`, {
+            text: issueText,
+            image_base64: imageBase64,
+            image_text: '',
+            company_id: currentUser.company_id || currentUser.companyId || null,
+          }),
+        '/ai/analyze_ticket',
+      );
 
       const result = response.data;
 
       // Map backend response to frontend format
       return {
         data: {
-          ticket_id: "TCKT-" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000),
+          ticket_id: 'TCKT-' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000),
           category: result.category,
           subcategory: result.subcategory,
           priority: result.priority,
@@ -95,35 +248,104 @@ export const api = {
           reasoning: result.reasoning,
           decision_factors: result.decision_factors,
           image_description: result.image_description,
-          ocr_text: result.ocr_text
-        }
+          ocr_text: result.ocr_text,
+          is_potential_duplicate: result.is_potential_duplicate || false,
+          parent_ticket_id:
+            result.parent_ticket_id || result.duplicate_ticket?.duplicate_ticket_id || null,
+          sla_breach_at: result.sla_breach_at || getSlaBreachAt(result.priority),
+        },
       };
     } catch (error) {
-      console.error("AI Backend Error, falling back to mock:", error);
-      // Fallback to mock logic if backend fails
+      console.error('AI Backend Error, falling back to mock:', error);
+      // Fallback to mock logic if backend fails after all retries
       await delay(1000);
       return {
         data: {
-          ticket_id: "TCKT-MOCK-" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000),
-          category: "Hardware",
-          priority: "Medium",
-          assigned_team: "Hardware Support",
+          ticket_id: 'TCKT-MOCK-' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000),
+          category: 'Hardware',
+          priority: 'Medium',
+          assigned_team: 'Hardware Support',
           auto_resolve: false,
           routing_confidence: 0.5,
           duplicate_probability: 0.0,
-          summary: issueText.substring(0, 50) + "...",
-          entities: []
-        }
+          summary: issueText.substring(0, 50) + '...',
+          entities: [],
+          is_potential_duplicate: false,
+          parent_ticket_id: null,
+          sla_breach_at: getSlaBreachAt('Medium'),
+        },
       };
     }
   },
 
   logCorrection: async (correctionPayload) => {
     try {
-      await axios.post(`${API_BASE_URL}/ai/log_correction`, correctionPayload);
+      await withRetry(
+        () => axios.post(`${API_BASE_URL}/ai/log_correction`, correctionPayload),
+        '/ai/log_correction',
+      );
     } catch (error) {
       // Non-fatal: log but don't break the UI flow
-      console.warn("[Correction Log] Failed to save correction:", error);
+      console.warn('[Correction Log] Failed to save correction:', error);
     }
-  }
+  },
+
+  saveDraft: (userId, draftData) => {
+    const key = `helpdesk_drafts_${userId || 'anonymous'}`;
+    let drafts = api.getDrafts(userId);
+    
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+    let updatedDraft = { ...draftData };
+
+    if (!updatedDraft.draft_id) {
+      updatedDraft.draft_id = Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 15) + Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 15);
+    }
+    
+    updatedDraft.updated_at = now;
+
+    // Remove existing draft with same ID if it exists
+    drafts = drafts.filter(d => d.draft_id !== updatedDraft.draft_id);
+    
+    // Add to the front of the list
+    drafts.unshift(updatedDraft);
+
+    // Limit to 5 drafts
+    if (drafts.length > 5) {
+      drafts = drafts.slice(0, 5);
+    }
+
+    setStorage(key, drafts);
+    return updatedDraft;
+  },
+
+  getDrafts: (userId) => {
+    const key = `helpdesk_drafts_${userId || 'anonymous'}`;
+    const drafts = getStorage(key, []);
+    
+    // Automatic cleanup for drafts older than 30 days
+    const thirtyDaysAgo = Date.now() - 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+    const activeDrafts = drafts.filter(draft => {
+      const updatedAt = new Date(draft.updated_at).getTime();
+      return updatedAt >= thirtyDaysAgo;
+    });
+
+    if (activeDrafts.length !== drafts.length) {
+      setStorage(key, activeDrafts);
+    }
+
+    // Sort by updated_at descending
+    return activeDrafts.sort((a, b) => new Date(b.updated_at) - new Date(a.updated_at));
+  },
+
+  deleteDraft: (userId, draftId) => {
+    const key = `helpdesk_drafts_${userId || 'anonymous'}`;
+    const drafts = api.getDrafts(userId);
+    const remainingDrafts = drafts.filter(d => d.draft_id !== draftId);
+    setStorage(key, remainingDrafts);
+  },
+
+  cleanupDrafts: (userId) => {
+    api.getDrafts(userId);
+  },
 };
+
diff --git a/Frontend/src/services/api.test.js b/Frontend/src/services/api.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae03da310
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Frontend/src/services/api.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+// Mock localStorage globally before anything else runs
+const localStorageMock = (() => {
+  let store = {};
+  return {
+    getItem: vi.fn((key) => store[key] || null),
+    setItem: vi.fn((key, value) => {
+      store[key] = value.toString();
+    }),
+    removeItem: vi.fn((key) => {
+      delete store[key];
+    }),
+    clear: vi.fn(() => {
+      store = {};
+    }),
+  };
+})();
+Object.defineProperty(global, 'localStorage', { value: localStorageMock });
+
+// Mock axios and config since api.js imports them
+vi.mock('axios', () => ({
+  default: {
+    create: vi.fn(),
+    post: vi.fn(),
+    get: vi.fn(),
+  }
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../config', () => ({
+  API_CONFIG: {
+    BACKEND_URL: 'http://localhost:8000'
+  }
+}));
+
+// Now import the api under test
+import { api } from './api';
+
+describe('Draft persistence helpers', () => {
+  const userId = 'test-user-123';
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    localStorage.clear();
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('should save a new draft and generate a draft_id and updated_at', () => {
+    const draftData = {
+      title: 'VPN issue',
+      issue: 'Cannot connect to VPN',
+      activatedTemplateId: 'vpn-connectivity',
+      formValues: { error_message: 'Auth failed' },
+      selectedLanguage: 'en',
+    };
+
+    const saved = api.saveDraft(userId, draftData);
+
+    expect(saved.draft_id).toBeDefined();
+    expect(saved.updated_at).toBeDefined();
+    expect(saved.title).toBe(draftData.title);
+    expect(saved.issue).toBe(draftData.issue);
+
+    const storedDrafts = api.getDrafts(userId);
+    expect(storedDrafts).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(storedDrafts[0].draft_id).toBe(saved.draft_id);
+  });
+
+  it('should update an existing draft if draft_id is provided', () => {
+    const draftData = {
+      title: 'VPN issue',
+      issue: 'Cannot connect to VPN',
+      activatedTemplateId: 'vpn-connectivity',
+      formValues: { error_message: 'Auth failed' },
+      selectedLanguage: 'en',
+    };
+
+    const saved = api.saveDraft(userId, draftData);
+    const originalDraftId = saved.draft_id;
+
+    // Modify draft
+    saved.title = 'Updated VPN issue';
+    const updated = api.saveDraft(userId, saved);
+
+    expect(updated.draft_id).toBe(originalDraftId);
+    expect(updated.title).toBe('Updated VPN issue');
+
+    const storedDrafts = api.getDrafts(userId);
+    expect(storedDrafts).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(storedDrafts[0].title).toBe('Updated VPN issue');
+  });
+
+  it('should limit stored drafts to 5 and drop the oldest draft', () => {
+    const savedDrafts = [];
+    for (let i = 1; i <= 6; i++) {
+      savedDrafts.push(
+        api.saveDraft(userId, {
+          title: `Draft ${i}`,
+          issue: `Description ${i}`,
+          updated_at: new Date(Date.now() - (7 - i) * 1000).toISOString() // make each draft newer than the last
+        })
+      );
+    }
+
+    const currentDrafts = api.getDrafts(userId);
+    expect(currentDrafts).toHaveLength(5);
+    
+    // The oldest draft (Draft 1) should be removed
+    const draftTitles = currentDrafts.map(d => d.title);
+    expect(draftTitles).not.toContain('Draft 1');
+    expect(draftTitles).toContain('Draft 6');
+  });
+
+  it('should delete a specific draft', () => {
+    const draft1 = api.saveDraft(userId, { title: 'Draft 1', issue: 'desc 1' });
+    const draft2 = api.saveDraft(userId, { title: 'Draft 2', issue: 'desc 2' });
+
+    expect(api.getDrafts(userId)).toHaveLength(2);
+
+    api.deleteDraft(userId, draft1.draft_id);
+
+    const currentDrafts = api.getDrafts(userId);
+    expect(currentDrafts).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(currentDrafts[0].draft_id).toBe(draft2.draft_id);
+  });
+
+  it('should automatically remove drafts older than 30 days during getDrafts/cleanup', () => {
+    // Save a fresh draft
+    api.saveDraft(userId, { title: 'Fresh Draft', issue: 'fresh' });
+
+    // Directly write a stale draft into localStorage to simulate passage of time
+    const key = `helpdesk_drafts_${userId}`;
+    const drafts = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key));
+    
+    const fortyDaysAgo = new Date(Date.now() - 40 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000).toISOString();
+    drafts.push({
+      draft_id: 'old-id',
+      title: 'Old Draft',
+      issue: 'stale',
+      updated_at: fortyDaysAgo
+    });
+
+    localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(drafts));
+
+    // Retrieve drafts - should trigger cleanup
+    const currentDrafts = api.getDrafts(userId);
+    expect(currentDrafts).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(currentDrafts[0].title).toBe('Fresh Draft');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/Frontend/src/user/pages/CreateTicket.jsx b/Frontend/src/user/pages/CreateTicket.jsx
index e701aaedc..93413adfa 100644
--- a/Frontend/src/user/pages/CreateTicket.jsx
+++ b/Frontend/src/user/pages/CreateTicket.jsx
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ import { Card, CardHeader, CardTitle, CardDescription, CardContent } from "../..
 import { Textarea } from "../../components/ui/textarea";
 import Tesseract from 'tesseract.js';
 import { translateText, SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES } from '../../services/translationService';
+import useAuthStore from '../../store/authStore';
+import { api } from '../../services/api';
 
 const CreateTicket = () => {
     const [issue, setIssue] = useState('');
@@ -42,6 +44,22 @@ const CreateTicket = () => {
     const [isLangOpen, setIsLangOpen] = useState(false);
     const langRef = useRef(null);
 
+    // ── Smart Auto-Save & Draft Recovery state ──
+    const { user } = useAuthStore();
+    const userId = user?.id || 'anonymous';
+    const [draftId, setDraftId] = useState(null);
+    const [saveStatus, setSaveStatus] = useState(''); // 'saving' | 'saved' | ''
+    const [lastSavedTime, setLastSavedTime] = useState(null);
+    const [showRecoveryModal, setShowRecoveryModal] = useState(false);
+    const [recoveryDraft, setRecoveryDraft] = useState(null);
+    const [showDiscardModal, setShowDiscardModal] = useState(false);
+    const [isDirty, setIsDirty] = useState(false);
+    const [allDrafts, setAllDrafts] = useState([]);
+    const [showDraftSwitcher, setShowDraftSwitcher] = useState(false);
+    const draftSwitcherRef = useRef(null);
+    const autoSaveTimerRef = useRef(null);
+    const autoSaveIntervalRef = useRef(null);
+
     // Voice UI states
     const [showVoiceModal, setShowVoiceModal] = useState(false);
     const [voiceTranscript, setVoiceTranscript] = useState('');
@@ -61,9 +79,112 @@ const CreateTicket = () => {
             if (recognitionRef.current) recognitionRef.current.stop();
             if (audioContextRef.current) audioContextRef.current.close();
             if (animationFrameRef.current) cancelAnimationFrame(animationFrameRef.current);
+            if (autoSaveTimerRef.current) clearTimeout(autoSaveTimerRef.current);
+            if (autoSaveIntervalRef.current) clearInterval(autoSaveIntervalRef.current);
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    // ── On mount: run cleanup, check for existing drafts, show recovery modal ──
+    useEffect(() => {
+        api.cleanupDrafts(userId);
+        const drafts = api.getDrafts(userId);
+        setAllDrafts(drafts);
+        if (drafts.length > 0) {
+            setRecoveryDraft(drafts[0]);
+            setShowRecoveryModal(true);
+        }
+    }, [userId]);
+
+    // ── Close draft switcher on outside click ──
+    useEffect(() => {
+        const handleClickOutside = (event) => {
+            if (draftSwitcherRef.current && !draftSwitcherRef.current.contains(event.target)) {
+                setShowDraftSwitcher(false);
+            }
         };
+        document.addEventListener('mousedown', handleClickOutside);
+        return () => document.removeEventListener('mousedown', handleClickOutside);
     }, []);
 
+    // ── Auto-save: 1s debounce on content change ──
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!isDirty) return;
+        if (autoSaveTimerRef.current) clearTimeout(autoSaveTimerRef.current);
+        setSaveStatus('saving');
+        autoSaveTimerRef.current = setTimeout(() => {
+            performSave();
+        }, 1000);
+        return () => clearTimeout(autoSaveTimerRef.current);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+    }, [issue, selectedLanguage, isDirty]);
+
+    // ── Auto-save: 10s interval fallback ──
+    useEffect(() => {
+        autoSaveIntervalRef.current = setInterval(() => {
+            if (isDirty) performSave();
+        }, 10000);
+        return () => clearInterval(autoSaveIntervalRef.current);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+    }, [isDirty, issue, selectedLanguage, draftId]);
+
+    const performSave = () => {
+        const hasContent = issue.trim();
+        if (!hasContent) return;
+        const draftData = {
+            draft_id: draftId,
+            title: issue.substring(0, 80),
+            issue,
+            selectedLanguage,
+        };
+        const saved = api.saveDraft(userId, draftData);
+        setDraftId(saved.draft_id);
+        setLastSavedTime(new Date());
+        setSaveStatus('saved');
+        setIsDirty(false);
+        setAllDrafts(api.getDrafts(userId));
+    };
+
+    const formatSaveTime = (date) => {
+        if (!date) return '';
+        const diffMs = Date.now() - date.getTime();
+        const diffSec = Math.floor(diffMs / 1000);
+        if (diffSec < 5) return 'just now';
+        if (diffSec < 60) return `${diffSec}s ago`;
+        const diffMin = Math.floor(diffSec / 60);
+        if (diffMin < 60) return `${diffMin}m ago`;
+        const diffHr = Math.floor(diffMin / 60);
+        return `${diffHr}h ago`;
+    };
+
+    const handleRestoreDraft = (draft) => {
+        setIssue(draft.issue || '');
+        setSelectedLanguage(draft.selectedLanguage || 'en');
+        setDraftId(draft.draft_id);
+        setLastSavedTime(new Date(draft.updated_at));
+        setSaveStatus('saved');
+        setIsDirty(false);
+        setShowRecoveryModal(false);
+        setRecoveryDraft(null);
+    };
+
+    const handleDiscardDraft = (draftIdToDiscard) => {
+        api.deleteDraft(userId, draftIdToDiscard || draftId);
+        setAllDrafts(api.getDrafts(userId));
+        if (draftIdToDiscard === draftId || !draftIdToDiscard) {
+            setDraftId(null);
+            setLastSavedTime(null);
+            setSaveStatus('');
+        }
+        setShowRecoveryModal(false);
+        setShowDiscardModal(false);
+        setRecoveryDraft(null);
+    };
+
+    const handleLoadDraft = (draft) => {
+        handleRestoreDraft(draft);
+        setShowDraftSwitcher(false);
+    };
+
     // Close language dropdown on outside click
     useEffect(() => {
         const handleClickOutside = (event) => {
@@ -301,6 +422,13 @@ const CreateTicket = () => {
             }
 
             // Navigate to AI Processing workflow where the API will be called
+            // Clear the active draft on successful submission
+            if (draftId) {
+                api.deleteDraft(userId, draftId);
+                setDraftId(null);
+                setSaveStatus('');
+            }
+
             navigate('/ai-processing', {
                 state: {
                     text: textToSubmit,
@@ -320,6 +448,7 @@ const CreateTicket = () => {
     };
 
     return (
+        <>
         <div className="min-h-screen bg-[#f6f8f7] pb-20">
             <main className="pt-32 px-6">
                 <div className="w-full max-w-2xl mx-auto">
@@ -332,11 +461,107 @@ const CreateTicket = () => {
                     >
                         <Card className="border-none shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow duration-300 rounded-3xl bg-white overflow-hidden h-full flex flex-col">
                             <CardHeader className="p-8 pb-4">
-                                <div className="flex items-center gap-2 mb-2">
-                                    <div className="p-1.5 bg-emerald-100 text-emerald-600 rounded-lg">
-                                        <Sparkles size={18} className="fill-emerald-600" />
+                                <div className="flex items-center justify-between mb-2">
+                                    <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                                        <div className="p-1.5 bg-emerald-100 text-emerald-600 rounded-lg">
+                                            <Sparkles size={18} className="fill-emerald-600" />
+                                        </div>
+                                        <span className="text-xs font-black text-gray-400 uppercase tracking-widest">Workspace</span>
+                                    </div>
+                                    <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+                                        {/* Save Status Indicator */}
+                                        <AnimatePresence>
+                                            {saveStatus === 'saving' && (
+                                                <motion.span
+                                                    key="saving"
+                                                    initial={{ opacity: 0, y: -4 }}
+                                                    animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
+                                                    exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
+                                                    className="text-xs font-semibold text-gray-400 flex items-center gap-1.5"
+                                                >
+                                                    <span className="w-3 h-3 border-2 border-gray-300 border-t-emerald-500 rounded-full animate-spin inline-block" />
+                                                    Saving...
+                                                </motion.span>
+                                            )}
+                                            {saveStatus === 'saved' && (
+                                                <motion.span
+                                                    key="saved"
+                                                    initial={{ opacity: 0, y: -4 }}
+                                                    animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
+                                                    exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
+                                                    className="text-xs font-semibold text-emerald-600 flex items-center gap-1.5"
+                                                >
+                                                    <CheckCircle2 size={12} />
+                                                    Saved {formatSaveTime(lastSavedTime)}
+                                                </motion.span>
+                                            )}
+                                        </AnimatePresence>
+
+                                        {/* Draft Switcher */}
+                                        {allDrafts.length > 0 && (
+                                            <div className="relative" ref={draftSwitcherRef}>
+                                                <button
+                                                    type="button"
+                                                    onClick={() => setShowDraftSwitcher(!showDraftSwitcher)}
+                                                    className="text-xs font-bold text-emerald-600 bg-emerald-50 hover:bg-emerald-100 border border-emerald-100 rounded-xl px-3 py-1.5 flex items-center gap-1.5 transition-all"
+                                                >
+                                                    <Clock size={12} />
+                                                    Drafts ({allDrafts.length})
+                                                    <ChevronDown size={12} className={`transition-transform ${showDraftSwitcher ? 'rotate-180' : ''}`} />
+                                                </button>
+                                                <AnimatePresence>
+                                                    {showDraftSwitcher && (
+                                                        <motion.div
+                                                            initial={{ opacity: 0, y: 8, scale: 0.96 }}
+                                                            animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 4, scale: 1 }}
+                                                            exit={{ opacity: 0, y: 8, scale: 0.96 }}
+                                                            className="absolute right-0 top-full z-50 w-72 bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-2xl border border-gray-100 p-2 overflow-hidden"
+                                                        >
+                                                            <p className="text-[10px] font-black uppercase tracking-widest text-gray-400 px-3 py-2">Saved Drafts</p>
+                                                            <div className="space-y-1">
+                                                                {allDrafts.map((draft) => (
+                                                                    <div key={draft.draft_id} className="flex items-center gap-2 px-2 group">
+                                                                        <button
+                                                                            type="button"
+                                                                            onClick={() => handleLoadDraft(draft)}
+                                                                            className="flex-1 text-left py-2 px-2 rounded-xl text-sm hover:bg-emerald-50 transition-all"
+                                                                        >
+                                                                            <p className="font-semibold text-gray-900 truncate">{draft.title || 'Untitled Draft'}</p>
+                                                                            <p className="text-xs text-gray-400">{formatSaveTime(new Date(draft.updated_at))}</p>
+                                                                        </button>
+                                                                        <button
+                                                                            type="button"
+                                                                            onClick={() => handleDiscardDraft(draft.draft_id)}
+                                                                            className="p-1.5 text-gray-300 hover:text-red-500 hover:bg-red-50 rounded-lg transition-all opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100"
+                                                                        >
+                                                                            <X size={14} />
+                                                                        </button>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                ))}
+                                                            </div>
+                                                            <div className="border-t border-gray-50 mt-2 pt-2 px-2">
+                                                                <button
+                                                                    type="button"
+                                                                    onClick={() => {
+                                                                        setIssue('');
+                                                                        setSelectedLanguage('en');
+                                                                        setDraftId(null);
+                                                                        setLastSavedTime(null);
+                                                                        setSaveStatus('');
+                                                                        setIsDirty(false);
+                                                                        setShowDraftSwitcher(false);
+                                                                    }}
+                                                                    className="w-full text-xs text-center font-bold text-gray-400 hover:text-emerald-600 py-2 rounded-xl hover:bg-emerald-50 transition-all"
+                                                                >
+                                                                    + Start a New Draft
+                                                                </button>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                        </motion.div>
+                                                    )}
+                                                </AnimatePresence>
+                                            </div>
+                                        )}
                                     </div>
-                                    <span className="text-xs font-black text-gray-400 uppercase tracking-widest">Workspace</span>
                                 </div>
                                 <CardTitle className="text-3xl font-bold text-gray-900 tracking-tight">Report a New Issue</CardTitle>
                                 <CardDescription className="text-base text-gray-500">
@@ -421,7 +646,10 @@ const CreateTicket = () => {
                                         <div className="relative flex-grow flex flex-col">
                                             <Textarea
                                                 value={issue}
-                                                onChange={(e) => setIssue(e.target.value.substring(0, MAX_CHARS))}
+                                                onChange={(e) => {
+                                    setIssue(e.target.value.substring(0, MAX_CHARS));
+                                    setIsDirty(true);
+                                }}
                                                 placeholder="Describe your problem. Example: VPN not connecting error 789"
                                                 className="min-h-[160px] flex-grow rounded-2xl border-gray-100 bg-gray-50/50 focus:bg-white transition-all text-base p-4 resize-none"
                                                 disabled={isLoading}
@@ -698,6 +926,104 @@ const CreateTicket = () => {
                 )}
             </AnimatePresence>
         </div>
+
+            {/* ── Draft Recovery Modal ── */}
+            <AnimatePresence>
+                {showRecoveryModal && recoveryDraft && (
+                    <motion.div
+                        initial={{ opacity: 0 }}
+                        animate={{ opacity: 1 }}
+                        exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
+                        className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-center justify-center p-4 bg-slate-900/40 backdrop-blur-sm"
+                    >
+                        <motion.div
+                            initial={{ scale: 0.95, opacity: 0, y: 20 }}
+                            animate={{ scale: 1, opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
+                            exit={{ scale: 0.95, opacity: 0, y: 20 }}
+                            className="w-full max-w-md bg-white rounded-[2rem] shadow-2xl border border-slate-100 overflow-hidden"
+                        >
+                            <div className="p-6 bg-emerald-50/60 border-b border-emerald-100">
+                                <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+                                    <div className="w-10 h-10 bg-emerald-100 text-emerald-600 rounded-2xl flex items-center justify-center">
+                                        <Clock size={20} />
+                                    </div>
+                                    <div>
+                                        <h3 className="font-black text-gray-900 text-base">Draft Found</h3>
+                                        <p className="text-xs text-emerald-600 font-semibold">Saved {formatSaveTime(new Date(recoveryDraft.updated_at))}</p>
+                                    </div>
+                                </div>
+                            </div>
+                            <div className="p-6">
+                                <p className="text-sm text-gray-600 font-medium mb-1">A saved draft was found:</p>
+                                <div className="bg-gray-50 rounded-xl p-3 border border-gray-100">
+                                    <p className="text-sm font-bold text-gray-900 truncate">{recoveryDraft.title || 'Untitled Draft'}</p>
+                                    <p className="text-xs text-gray-400 mt-0.5">{new Date(recoveryDraft.updated_at).toLocaleString()}</p>
+                                </div>
+                                <p className="text-xs text-gray-400 mt-3">Would you like to continue where you left off?</p>
+                            </div>
+                            <div className="p-6 pt-0 flex gap-3">
+                                <Button
+                                    type="button"
+                                    variant="outline"
+                                    onClick={() => handleDiscardDraft(recoveryDraft.draft_id)}
+                                    className="flex-1 font-bold text-red-500 border-red-100 hover:bg-red-50 hover:border-red-200 h-11 rounded-xl"
+                                >
+                                    Discard Draft
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button
+                                    type="button"
+                                    onClick={() => handleRestoreDraft(recoveryDraft)}
+                                    className="flex-1 bg-emerald-500 hover:bg-emerald-600 text-white font-bold h-11 rounded-xl border-none shadow-lg shadow-emerald-200"
+                                >
+                                    Restore Draft
+                                </Button>
+                            </div>
+                        </motion.div>
+                    </motion.div>
+                )}
+            </AnimatePresence>
+
+            {/* ── Discard Draft Confirmation Modal ── */}
+            <AnimatePresence>
+                {showDiscardModal && (
+                    <motion.div
+                        initial={{ opacity: 0 }}
+                        animate={{ opacity: 1 }}
+                        exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
+                        className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-center justify-center p-4 bg-slate-900/40 backdrop-blur-sm"
+                    >
+                        <motion.div
+                            initial={{ scale: 0.95, opacity: 0, y: 20 }}
+                            animate={{ scale: 1, opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
+                            exit={{ scale: 0.95, opacity: 0, y: 20 }}
+                            className="w-full max-w-sm bg-white rounded-[2rem] shadow-2xl border border-slate-100 overflow-hidden"
+                        >
+                            <div className="p-6">
+                                <h3 className="font-black text-gray-900 text-base mb-2">Discard Draft?</h3>
+                                <p className="text-sm text-gray-500 font-medium">This action cannot be undone. Your draft will be permanently deleted.</p>
+                            </div>
+                            <div className="p-6 pt-0 flex gap-3">
+                                <Button
+                                    type="button"
+                                    variant="outline"
+                                    onClick={() => setShowDiscardModal(false)}
+                                    className="flex-1 font-bold text-gray-600 border-gray-200 hover:bg-gray-50 h-11 rounded-xl"
+                                >
+                                    Cancel
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button
+                                    type="button"
+                                    onClick={() => handleDiscardDraft(draftId)}
+                                    className="flex-1 bg-red-500 hover:bg-red-600 text-white font-bold h-11 rounded-xl border-none"
+                                >
+                                    Discard
+                                </Button>
+                            </div>
+                        </motion.div>
+                    </motion.div>
+                )}
+            </AnimatePresence>
+    </>
     );
 };
 
diff --git a/Frontend/vite.config.js b/Frontend/vite.config.js
index d9048b718..3054f47ff 100644
--- a/Frontend/vite.config.js
+++ b/Frontend/vite.config.js
@@ -16,5 +16,9 @@ export default defineConfig({
   },
   build: {
     sourcemap: true
-  }
+  },
+  test: {
+    globals: true,
+    environment: 'jsdom',
+  },
 })
diff --git a/backend/main.py b/backend/main.py
index ae7da7c1f..d57ef2a52 100644
--- a/backend/main.py
+++ b/backend/main.py
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@
 from backend.services.classifier_v2 import classifier_v2
 from backend.services.classifier_v3 import classifier_v3 # V3 Power Model
 from backend.services.ner_service import NERService
+from backend.services.advanced_ner_service import AdvancedNERService
+from backend.services.entity_linking_service import EntityLinkingService
+from backend.services.relationship_extraction_service import RelationshipExtractionService
+from backend.services.knowledge_graph_service import KnowledgeGraphService
 from backend.services.duplicate_service import DuplicateService
 from backend.services.rag_service import RagService
 
@@ -113,6 +117,9 @@ class TicketSaveRequest(BaseModel):
     ocr_text: str = ""
     needs_review: bool = False
     routing_confidence: float
+    linked_entities: list = []
+    relationships: list = []
+    cause_effect_chain: list = []
 
 
 class DuplicateInfo(BaseModel):
@@ -150,6 +157,9 @@ class TicketResponse(BaseModel):
     env_metadata: dict = {} # IP, Hostname, Browser/OS
     sla_breach_at: str | None = None
     version: str = "2.1.0-Neural-Diagnostic"
+    linked_entities: list = []
+    relationships: list = []
+    cause_effect_chain: list = []
 
 
 # --- Persistence Models ---
@@ -211,6 +221,12 @@ class ReadinessResponse(BaseModel):
 except ImportError:
     ocr_service = None
 
+# Advanced entity intelligence singletons
+advanced_ner_service = AdvancedNERService(gemini_service=gemini_service)
+entity_linking_service = EntityLinkingService(supabase_client=supabase)
+relationship_extraction_service = RelationshipExtractionService(gemini_service=gemini_service)
+knowledge_graph_service = KnowledgeGraphService(supabase_client=supabase)
+
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Lifespan (startup / shutdown)
@@ -612,6 +628,58 @@ async def save_ticket(request_body: TicketSaveRequest):
             
         ticket_id = res.data[0]["id"]
 
+        # Register Ticket in Knowledge Graph
+        try:
+            ticket_node_id = f"ticket_{ticket_id}"
+            # Add Ticket Node
+            knowledge_graph_service.add_node(
+                node_id=ticket_node_id,
+                name=f"Ticket #{str(ticket_id)[:8]}",
+                type_name="TICKET",
+                company_id=final_data.get("company_id"),
+                metadata={
+                    "subject": request_body.subject,
+                    "priority": request_body.priority,
+                    "category": request_body.category,
+                    "assigned_team": request_body.assigned_team
+                }
+            )
+            
+            # Extract and link entities
+            desc_text = request_body.description or request_body.subject
+            adv_ents = advanced_ner_service.extract_entities(desc_text)
+            linked_ents = entity_linking_service.link_entities(adv_ents)
+            
+            for le in linked_ents:
+                target_id = le["canonical_id"]
+                # Insert the target node if it doesn't exist
+                knowledge_graph_service.add_node(
+                    node_id=target_id,
+                    name=le["entity"],
+                    type_name=le["type"],
+                    company_id=final_data.get("company_id")
+                )
+                # Link ticket to this node (e.g. ticket affects target, or ticket caused_by target)
+                rel_type = "affects" if le["type"] in ["SERVICE", "APPLICATION"] else "caused_by"
+                knowledge_graph_service.add_edge(
+                    source_id=ticket_node_id,
+                    target_id=target_id,
+                    rel_type=rel_type,
+                    company_id=final_data.get("company_id")
+                )
+                
+            # Add relationships extracted between components in the ticket
+            rel_data = relationship_extraction_service.extract_relationships(desc_text, linked_ents)
+            for rel in rel_data.get("relationships", []):
+                knowledge_graph_service.add_edge(
+                    source_id=rel["source"],
+                    target_id=rel["target"],
+                    rel_type=rel["type"],
+                    company_id=final_data.get("company_id")
+                )
+        except Exception as graph_err:
+            print(f"[WARNING] Could not register ticket in knowledge graph: {graph_err}")
+
         duplicate_indexed = True
         duplicate_index_warning = None
         description_text = (request_body.description or "").strip()
@@ -814,6 +882,38 @@ def get_now_ist():
     except Exception:
         entities = []
     
+    # --- Advanced NER, Entity Linking, and Relationship Extraction ---
+    advanced_entities = []
+    linked_entities = []
+    relationships = []
+    cause_effect_chain = []
+    try:
+        advanced_entities = advanced_ner_service.extract_entities(text)
+        linked_entities = entity_linking_service.link_entities(advanced_entities)
+        rel_data = relationship_extraction_service.extract_relationships(text, linked_entities)
+        relationships = rel_data.get("relationships", [])
+        cause_effect_chain = rel_data.get("cause_effect_chain", [])
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"[ADVANCED NER ERROR] {e}")
+
+    # --- Intelligent Routing based on Entities/Relationships ---
+    routing_override_reason = ""
+    entity_types = [le["type"] for le in linked_entities]
+    
+    is_database_issue = "DATABASE" in entity_types or any(x in text.lower() for x in ["mysql", "postgres", "db-01", "database", "query failure", "db error"])
+    is_infra_issue = "SERVER" in entity_types or "NETWORK_DEVICE" in entity_types or "HOSTNAME" in entity_types or any(x in text.lower() for x in ["server failure", "host offline", "network timeout", "switch", "router", "vlan", "srv-"])
+    is_iam_issue = "PERMISSION" in entity_types or "IAM_POLICY" in entity_types or "AUTHENTICATION_METHOD" in entity_types or any(x in text.lower() for x in ["permission denied", "access revoked", "authentication failure", "mfa", "login error", "credential"])
+
+    if is_database_issue:
+        classification["assigned_team"] = "Database Administration Team"
+        routing_override_reason = "Routed to Database Administration Team based on Database Entity detection."
+    elif is_iam_issue:
+        classification["assigned_team"] = "IAM Team"
+        routing_override_reason = "Routed to IAM Team based on IAM/Identity Entity detection."
+    elif is_infra_issue:
+        classification["assigned_team"] = "Infrastructure Team"
+        routing_override_reason = "Routed to Infrastructure Team based on Infrastructure/Server Entity detection."
+
     timeline["metadata_harvested"] = get_now_ist()
 
     # --- Duplicate detection ---
@@ -840,12 +940,16 @@ def get_now_ist():
         decision_factors.append(f"High confidence match for '{classification['subcategory']}'")
     if entities:
         decision_factors.append(f"Detected entities: {', '.join([e['text'] for e in entities[:2]])}")
+    if routing_override_reason:
+        decision_factors.append(routing_override_reason)
     if dup_result["is_duplicate"]:
         decision_factors.append(f"Found similar incident ({int(dup_result['similarity']*100)}%)")
     if rag_match:
         decision_factors.append(f"Found solution article: '{rag_match['title']}'")
 
     reasoning = f"Categorized as '{classification['category']}' - {classification['subcategory']}."
+    if routing_override_reason:
+        reasoning += f" {routing_override_reason}"
     if (
         enable_auto_resolve
         and classification["confidence"] >= confidence_threshold
@@ -885,10 +989,13 @@ def get_now_ist():
         image_description=gemini_analysis["image_description"],
         ocr_text=gemini_analysis["ocr_text"],
         image_url=request_body.image_url,
-        highlights=entities, # Use entities as highlights for now
+        highlights=[e["text"] for e in entities],
         timeline=timeline,
         env_metadata=env_metadata,
-        sla_breach_at=sla_breach_dt.isoformat() + "Z"
+        sla_breach_at=sla_breach_dt.isoformat() + "Z",
+        linked_entities=linked_entities,
+        relationships=relationships,
+        cause_effect_chain=cause_effect_chain
     )
 
 @app.post("/ai/analyze_stream")
@@ -934,6 +1041,19 @@ async def event_generator():
             entities = ner_service.extract_entities(text)
         except Exception:
             entities = []
+
+        advanced_entities = []
+        linked_entities = []
+        relationships = []
+        cause_effect_chain = []
+        try:
+            advanced_entities = advanced_ner_service.extract_entities(text)
+            linked_entities = entity_linking_service.link_entities(advanced_entities)
+            rel_data = relationship_extraction_service.extract_relationships(text, linked_entities)
+            relationships = rel_data.get("relationships", [])
+            cause_effect_chain = rel_data.get("cause_effect_chain", [])
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[ADVANCED NER ERROR] {e}")
         timeline["metadata_harvested"] = get_now_ist()
 
         # 3. Classification
@@ -966,6 +1086,25 @@ async def event_generator():
                 "category": "Unknown", "subcategory": "Unknown", "priority": "Medium",
                 "auto_resolve": False, "assigned_team": "General Support", "confidence": 0.0,
             }
+        
+        # Intelligent routing override
+        routing_override_reason = ""
+        entity_types = [le["type"] for le in linked_entities]
+        
+        is_database_issue = "DATABASE" in entity_types or any(x in text.lower() for x in ["mysql", "postgres", "db-01", "database", "query failure", "db error"])
+        is_infra_issue = "SERVER" in entity_types or "NETWORK_DEVICE" in entity_types or "HOSTNAME" in entity_types or any(x in text.lower() for x in ["server failure", "host offline", "network timeout", "switch", "router", "vlan", "srv-"])
+        is_iam_issue = "PERMISSION" in entity_types or "IAM_POLICY" in entity_types or "AUTHENTICATION_METHOD" in entity_types or any(x in text.lower() for x in ["permission denied", "access revoked", "authentication failure", "mfa", "login error", "credential"])
+
+        if is_database_issue:
+            classification["assigned_team"] = "Database Administration Team"
+            routing_override_reason = "Routed to Database Administration Team based on Database Entity detection."
+        elif is_iam_issue:
+            classification["assigned_team"] = "IAM Team"
+            routing_override_reason = "Routed to IAM Team based on IAM/Identity Entity detection."
+        elif is_infra_issue:
+            classification["assigned_team"] = "Infrastructure Team"
+            routing_override_reason = "Routed to Infrastructure Team based on Infrastructure/Server Entity detection."
+
         timeline["ai_analyzed"] = get_now_ist()
         timeline["triaged"] = get_now_ist()
 
@@ -995,6 +1134,8 @@ async def event_generator():
             decision_factors.append(f"High confidence match for '{classification['subcategory']}'")
         if entities:
             decision_factors.append(f"Detected entities: {', '.join([e['text'] for e in entities[:2]])}")
+        if routing_override_reason:
+            decision_factors.append(routing_override_reason)
         if dup_result["is_duplicate"]:
             decision_factors.append(f"Found similar incident ({int(dup_result['similarity']*100)}%)")
         if rag_match:
@@ -1003,6 +1144,8 @@ async def event_generator():
         if not enable_auto_resolve:
             classification["auto_resolve"] = False
         reasoning = f"Categorized as '{classification['category']}' - {classification['subcategory']}."
+        if routing_override_reason:
+            reasoning += f" {routing_override_reason}"
         if classification["auto_resolve"]:
             reasoning += " Flagged for AI auto-resolution via Knowledge Base." if rag_match else " Flagged for auto-resolution."
         
@@ -1032,10 +1175,13 @@ async def event_generator():
             "image_description": gemini_analysis["image_description"],
             "ocr_text": gemini_analysis["ocr_text"],
             "image_url": request_body.image_url,
-            "highlights": entities,
+            "highlights": [e["text"] for e in entities],
             "timeline": timeline,
             "env_metadata": env_metadata,
-            "sla_breach_at": sla_breach_dt.isoformat() + "Z"
+            "sla_breach_at": sla_breach_dt.isoformat() + "Z",
+            "linked_entities": linked_entities,
+            "relationships": relationships,
+            "cause_effect_chain": cause_effect_chain
         }
 
         # 6. Final Result
@@ -1209,3 +1355,66 @@ async def auth_logout(response: Response):
 async def auth_me(user: dict = Depends(get_current_user)):
     return {"user": user}
 
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Knowledge Graph REST endpoints
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class GraphNodePayload(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str
+    type: str
+    company_id: str | None = None
+    metadata: dict = {}
+
+class GraphEdgePayload(BaseModel):
+    source_id: str
+    target_id: str
+    relationship_type: str
+    company_id: str | None = None
+    metadata: dict = {}
+
+class GraphQueryPayload(BaseModel):
+    query_type: str
+    parameter: str
+
+@app.get("/ai/knowledge_graph/nodes")
+async def get_graph_nodes():
+    return knowledge_graph_service.get_nodes()
+
+@app.get("/ai/knowledge_graph/edges")
+async def get_graph_edges():
+    return knowledge_graph_service.get_edges()
+
+@app.post("/ai/knowledge_graph/node")
+async def add_graph_node(node: GraphNodePayload):
+    return knowledge_graph_service.add_node(
+        node_id=node.id,
+        name=node.name,
+        type_name=node.type,
+        company_id=node.company_id,
+        metadata=node.metadata
+    )
+
+@app.post("/ai/knowledge_graph/edge")
+async def add_graph_edge(edge: GraphEdgePayload):
+    return knowledge_graph_service.add_edge(
+        source_id=edge.source_id,
+        target_id=edge.target_id,
+        rel_type=edge.relationship_type,
+        company_id=edge.company_id,
+        metadata=edge.metadata
+    )
+
+@app.post("/ai/knowledge_graph/query")
+async def query_knowledge_graph(payload: GraphQueryPayload):
+    import time
+    start_time = time.time()
+    result = knowledge_graph_service.query_graph(payload.query_type, payload.parameter)
+    duration_ms = (time.time() - start_time) * 1000
+    return {
+        "query_type": payload.query_type,
+        "parameter": payload.parameter,
+        "results": result["results"],
+        "latency_ms": round(duration_ms, 2)
+    }
+
diff --git a/backend/services/advanced_ner_service.py b/backend/services/advanced_ner_service.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dba89dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/services/advanced_ner_service.py
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+"""
+Advanced NER Service — Extracts domain-specific entities (infrastructure, services, databases, security, operations).
+Leverages Gemini Service when available, and falls back to high-fidelity regex/keyword classification.
+"""
+
+import re
+import json
+import logging
+from typing import List, Dict, Any
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# List of all categories specified in the issue taxonomy
+TAXONOMY = {
+    # Infrastructure
+    "SERVER": r"\b(?:srv|db|app|web|dev|prod)-[\w\d-]+\b|Server-\d+",
+    "HOSTNAME": r"\b[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+\b",
+    "IP_ADDRESS": r"\b(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}\b",
+    "NETWORK_DEVICE": r"\b(?:Firewall|Router|Switch|Access Point|AP-\d+|VLAN\s?\d+)\b",
+    "FIREWALL": r"\b(?:Firewall|FortiGate|PaloAlto)\b",
+    "ROUTER": r"\b(?:Router|Gateway)\b",
+    "SWITCH": r"\b(?:Switch|Cisco-SW)\b",
+
+    # Services & Applications
+    "SERVICE": r"\b(?:CRM Service|Billing API|User Service|Auth Service|Notification Service)\b",
+    "APPLICATION": r"\b(?:CRM|Jira|Confluence|Slack|Zoom|GitLab|Chrome|Firefox|Safari|Edge|Excel|WinSCP|Citrix)\b",
+    "API": r"\b(?:API|Endpoint|REST API|Billing API)\b",
+    "MICROSERVICE": r"\b(?:Microservice|auth-ms|billing-ms)\b",
+    "ENDPOINT": r"\/api\/v\d+\/[\w\-\/]+",
+    "CONTAINER": r"\b(?:Docker|Kubernetes|Pod|K8s|Container)\b",
+
+    # Data Layer
+    "DATABASE": r"\b(?:MySQL-DB|PostgreSQL-DB|MySQL|Postgres|MongoDB|DynamoDB|Oracle|Database|DB-01|Database-01|MYSQL-PROD|DB-02)\b",
+    "SCHEMA": r"\b(?:public|auth|storage|dbo|schema)\b",
+    "TABLE": r"\b(?:tickets|profiles|users|companies|settings|table)\b",
+    "QUERY": r"\b(?:SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE|Query)\b",
+    "STORAGE_RESOURCE": r"\b(?:S3 Bucket|S3|Storage|Blob|EBS|Volume)\b",
+
+    # Security & Identity
+    "USER": r"\b[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}\b|\b(?:developer\d+|intern\d+|manager\d+|john\.smith|amit\.patel|vikram\.singh|test\.account)\b",
+    "ROLE": r"\b(?:admin|user|owner|editor|role)\b",
+    "GROUP": r"\b(?:Active Directory|AD Group|Group|LDAP Group)\b",
+    "PERMISSION": r"\b(?:Read-Only|Admin Access|Write Permission|Access Permitted)\b",
+    "IAM_POLICY": r"\b(?:IAM Policy|IAM|Policy|Security Policy)\b",
+    "AUTHENTICATION_METHOD": r"\b(?:MFA|SSO|2FA|OAuth|Password|Token|SAM|Basic Auth|ApiKey)\b",
+
+    # Operational
+    "ERROR_CODE": r"\b(?:0x[0-9a-fA-F]+|MYSQL_ERROR_\d+|Error \d+|Connection Timeout|Timeout|Connection failed|Permission Denied|Access Revoked|Authentication Failure|Authentication failing|unreachable|offline|Authorization failed)\b",
+    "INCIDENT": r"\b(?:Incident #\d+|Incident\s?\d+)\b",
+    "ALERT": r"\b(?:Alert|P1 Alert|Critical Alert|CPU Spike|Memory Threshold)\b",
+    "TICKET": r"\b(?:Ticket #\d+|Ticket\s?\d+)\b",
+    "LOG_EVENT": r"\b(?:Log Event|System Log|Error Log)\b",
+    "MONITORING_EVENT": r"\b(?:Datadog Alert|Dynatrace|Prometheus Event)\b"
+}
+
+class AdvancedNERService:
+    def __init__(self, gemini_service=None):
+        self.gemini_service = gemini_service
+
+    def extract_entities(self, text: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Extract named entities with classification, start/end boundaries, and confidence scores.
+        """
+        if not text:
+            return []
+
+        # If Gemini Service is available and initialized, attempt LLM extraction
+        if self.gemini_service and getattr(self.gemini_service, "_initialized", False):
+            try:
+                entities = self._extract_with_gemini(text)
+                if entities:
+                    # Validate boundary starts and ends
+                    return self._post_process_boundaries(entities, text)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(f"Gemini NER extraction failed, falling back to rule-based: {e}")
+
+        # Fallback to Regex/Rule-based classification
+        return self._extract_with_rules(text)
+
+    def _extract_with_gemini(self, text: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Leverages Gemini to extract precise entities matching taxonomy types.
+        """
+        prompt = (
+            "You are a production Named Entity Recognition (NER) system for IT support tickets.\n"
+            "Analyze the text and extract all IT and enterprise entities. Classify them into the following exact types:\n"
+            "SERVER, HOSTNAME, IP_ADDRESS, NETWORK_DEVICE, FIREWALL, ROUTER, SWITCH, SERVICE, APPLICATION, API, "
+            "MICROSERVICE, ENDPOINT, CONTAINER, DATABASE, SCHEMA, TABLE, QUERY, STORAGE_RESOURCE, USER, ROLE, GROUP, "
+            "PERMISSION, IAM_POLICY, AUTHENTICATION_METHOD, ERROR_CODE, INCIDENT, ALERT, TICKET, LOG_EVENT, MONITORING_EVENT.\n\n"
+            "For each extracted entity, return a JSON object with keys:\n"
+            "- entity (the precise text match)\n"
+            "- type (the classification type)\n"
+            "- confidence (a float between 0.0 and 1.0)\n\n"
+            "Return the list of JSON objects wrapped in a root 'entities' array. Return strictly valid JSON, no markdown blocks.\n\n"
+            f"Ticket: '{text}'"
+        )
+        
+        response = self.client_generate_content(prompt)
+        if not response:
+            return []
+
+        try:
+            # Clean possible markdown wrap
+            cleaned = response.strip()
+            if cleaned.startswith("```"):
+                cleaned = re.sub(r"^```(?:json)?\n|```$", "", cleaned, flags=re.MULTILINE).strip()
+            
+            data = json.loads(cleaned)
+            return data.get("entities", [])
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to parse Gemini NER JSON: {e} | Raw response: {response}")
+            return []
+
+    def client_generate_content(self, prompt: str) -> str:
+        """Helper to invoke Gemini client safely."""
+        try:
+            response = self.gemini_service.client.models.generate_content(
+                model=self.gemini_service.model_name,
+                contents=prompt
+            )
+            return response.text
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Gemini client generation failed: {e}")
+            return ""
+
+    def _extract_with_rules(self, text: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Rule-based NER matching using regex patterns. Guaranteed execution under 50ms.
+        """
+        entities = []
+        
+        for label, pattern in TAXONOMY.items():
+            matches = re.finditer(pattern, text, re.IGNORECASE)
+            for match in matches:
+                match_text = match.group()
+                start = match.start()
+                end = match.end()
+                
+                # Check for duplicates or overlap (prefer longer matches)
+                overlap = False
+                for existing in entities:
+                    # If there's an exact start overlap, check which one is longer
+                    if not (end <= existing["start"] or start >= existing["end"]):
+                        overlap = True
+                        # Replace if current match is longer
+                        if len(match_text) > len(existing["entity"]):
+                            existing["entity"] = match_text
+                            existing["type"] = label
+                            existing["start"] = start
+                            existing["end"] = end
+                            existing["confidence"] = self._get_confidence_score(label, match_text)
+                        break
+                
+                if not overlap:
+                    entities.append({
+                        "entity": match_text,
+                        "type": label,
+                        "confidence": self._get_confidence_score(label, match_text),
+                        "start": start,
+                        "end": end
+                    })
+        
+        return entities
+
+    def _get_confidence_score(self, type_name: str, entity_text: str) -> float:
+        """Returns heuristic confidence score for regex fallback matches."""
+        # Regex matches are highly precise for structured formats like IP Addresses, emails or exact keywords
+        if type_name in ["IP_ADDRESS", "USER", "ERROR_CODE"]:
+            return 0.99
+        if len(entity_text) > 4:
+            return 0.95
+        return 0.90
+
+    def _post_process_boundaries(self, entities: List[Dict[str, Any]], text: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Post-processes Gemini entities to insert correct start and end boundaries.
+        Filters out any entities that cannot be located in the text.
+        """
+        processed = []
+        for e in entities:
+            entity_text = e.get("entity", "")
+            type_name = e.get("type", "UNKNOWN")
+            confidence = e.get("confidence", 0.90)
+            
+            # Find boundaries in text
+            try:
+                # Find occurrences
+                matches = [m.start() for m in re.finditer(re.escape(entity_text), text, re.IGNORECASE)]
+                if matches:
+                    start = matches[0]
+                    end = start + len(entity_text)
+                    processed.append({
+                        "entity": entity_text,
+                        "type": type_name.upper(),
+                        "confidence": round(float(confidence), 2),
+                        "start": start,
+                        "end": end
+                    })
+            except Exception:
+                # Fallback to default start/end
+                pass
+        return processed
diff --git a/backend/services/classifier_service.py b/backend/services/classifier_service.py
index 410d95173..75a3a6544 100644
--- a/backend/services/classifier_service.py
+++ b/backend/services/classifier_service.py
@@ -6,9 +6,35 @@
 
 import os
 import json
+import time
+import logging
+from typing import Callable, Any
+
 import torch
 import torch.nn.functional as F
 from transformers import DistilBertTokenizerFast, DistilBertForSequenceClassification
+from prometheus_client import Counter, Histogram
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Prometheus metrics for tracking model performance
+MODEL_PREDICTIONS_TOTAL = Counter(
+    "model_predictions_total",
+    "Total count of DistilBERT predictions",
+    ["status"]
+)
+
+MODEL_PREDICTION_LATENCY = Histogram(
+    "model_prediction_latency_seconds",
+    "Latency of DistilBERT prediction in seconds",
+    buckets=(0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0)
+)
+
+CLASSIFIER_RETRY_TOTAL = Counter(
+    "classifier_retry_total",
+    "Total number of classifier retry attempts",
+    ["provider", "status"]
+)
 
 SAVE_DIR = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "..", "models", "classifier")
 DEVICE = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
@@ -43,28 +69,130 @@
     "WiFi Issue", "Printer Error", "Monitor Problem",
 }
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Retry helpers
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_RETRYABLE_EXCEPTIONS = (ConnectionError, TimeoutError, OSError)
+
+_MAX_RETRIES: int = 3
+_BASE_DELAY_S: float = 0.1  # 100 ms
+
+
+def _is_retryable(exc: BaseException) -> bool:
+    """Return True for transient errors that are safe to retry."""
+    return isinstance(exc, _RETRYABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+
+
+def _backoff_delay(attempt: int) -> float:
+    """Exponential backoff: 100 ms * 2^attempt (attempt is 1-based)."""
+    return _BASE_DELAY_S * (2 ** attempt)
+
+
+def _retry_call(
+    fn: Callable[[], Any],
+    *,
+    provider: str = "classifier",
+    max_retries: int = _MAX_RETRIES,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Execute *fn* and retry on transient failures with exponential backoff.
+
+    Retry policy:
+      - Connection / timeout errors   → retry up to *max_retries* times.
+      - Validation / value errors     → fail immediately (not retryable).
+      - Exponential delay schedule    → 100 ms, 200 ms, 400 ms …
+
+    Metrics are emitted to Prometheus for each retry attempt and the final
+    outcome (success / failure).
+
+    Args:
+        fn: Zero-argument callable that performs the operation.
+        provider: Label used in Prometheus metrics and log entries.
+        max_retries: Maximum number of additional attempts after the first.
+
+    Returns:
+        The return value of *fn* on success.
+
+    Raises:
+        The last exception if all retry attempts are exhausted.
+    """
+    attempt = 0
+    while True:
+        try:
+            result = fn()
+            if attempt > 0:
+                CLASSIFIER_RETRY_TOTAL.labels(provider=provider, status="success").inc()
+                logger.info(
+                    "[RetryAnalytics] %s succeeded after %d retries",
+                    provider,
+                    attempt,
+                )
+            return result
+        except Exception as exc:
+            if not _is_retryable(exc) or attempt >= max_retries:
+                if attempt > 0:
+                    CLASSIFIER_RETRY_TOTAL.labels(provider=provider, status="failure").inc()
+                    logger.error(
+                        "[RetryAnalytics] %s failed after %d retries: %s",
+                        provider,
+                        attempt,
+                        exc,
+                    )
+                raise
+
+            attempt += 1
+            wait = _backoff_delay(attempt)
+            CLASSIFIER_RETRY_TOTAL.labels(provider=provider, status="retrying").inc()
+            logger.warning(
+                "[RetryAnalytics] event=classifier_retry provider=%s attempt=%d "
+                "success=pending wait_ms=%.0f reason=%s",
+                provider,
+                attempt,
+                wait * 1000,
+                type(exc).__name__,
+            )
+            time.sleep(wait)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Classifier service
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 class ClassifierService:
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.model = None
         self.tokenizer = None
         self.id2label = None
         self.label2id = None
         self._loaded = False
 
-    def load(self):
+    def load(self) -> None:
         """Load model, tokenizer, and label mappings from disk."""
         if self._loaded:
             return
 
         abs_dir = os.path.abspath(SAVE_DIR)
+        safetensors_path = os.path.join(abs_dir, "model.safetensors")
 
-        if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(abs_dir, "model.safetensors")):
+        if not os.path.exists(safetensors_path):
             raise FileNotFoundError(
                 f"Classifier model not found at {abs_dir}. "
                 "Please ensure model files are present."
             )
 
+        with open(safetensors_path, "rb") as f:
+            header = f.read(512)
+        if (
+            b"version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec" in header
+            or b"oid sha256:" in header
+        ):
+            raise FileNotFoundError(
+                f"Classifier model at {abs_dir} is a Git LFS placeholder, not the actual model. "
+                "Please pull the LFS assets."
+            )
+
         # Load label mappings
         with open(os.path.join(abs_dir, "id2label.json"), "r") as f:
             self.id2label = json.load(f)
@@ -82,9 +210,12 @@ def load(self):
         self._loaded = True
         print("Classifier loaded successfully")
 
-    def predict(self, text: str) -> dict:
+    def _run_inference(self, text: str) -> dict:
         """
-        Predict category, subcategory, priority, auto_resolve, assigned_team, and confidence.
+        Execute a single forward pass through the classifier model.
+
+        This method is intentionally kept separate so that *_retry_call* can
+        wrap it without capturing the surrounding metrics context.
         """
         self.load()
 
@@ -128,7 +259,7 @@ def predict(self, text: str) -> dict:
             "Software": ["crash", "load", "website", "application", "error", "bug", "failing", "software", "SQL", "Cluster", "Database", "Production", "Latency"],
             "Access": ["login", "password", "access", "authentication", "account", "permission", "MFA", "OAuth"]
         }
-        
+
         lower_text = text.lower()
         for cat, keywords in tech_keywords.items():
             if any(k.lower() in lower_text for k in keywords):
@@ -137,7 +268,7 @@ def predict(self, text: str) -> dict:
                     category = cat
                     assigned_team = TEAM_MAP.get(cat, "General Support")
                     # Boost confidence significantly for verified technical signals
-                    confidence = max(confidence, 0.92) 
+                    confidence = max(confidence, 0.92)
                     break
 
         return {
@@ -148,3 +279,26 @@ def predict(self, text: str) -> dict:
             "assigned_team": assigned_team,
             "confidence": confidence,
         }
+
+    def predict(self, text: str) -> dict:
+        """
+        Predict category, subcategory, priority, auto_resolve, assigned_team, and confidence.
+
+        Transient failures (connection errors, timeouts, OS-level I/O errors) are
+        automatically retried with exponential backoff up to MAX_RETRIES times.
+        Validation errors propagate immediately without retrying.
+        """
+        start_time = time.time()
+        try:
+            result = _retry_call(
+                lambda: self._run_inference(text),
+                provider="classifier",
+            )
+            MODEL_PREDICTIONS_TOTAL.labels(status="success").inc()
+            return result
+        except Exception as e:
+            MODEL_PREDICTIONS_TOTAL.labels(status="failure").inc()
+            raise e
+        finally:
+            duration = time.time() - start_time
+            MODEL_PREDICTION_LATENCY.observe(duration)
diff --git a/backend/services/entity_linking_service.py b/backend/services/entity_linking_service.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c125b780
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/services/entity_linking_service.py
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+"""
+Entity Linking Service — Resolves extracted entity mentions to canonical resource IDs
+in the asset inventory (Supabase knowledge_graph_nodes) and handles alias/synonym mapping.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import List, Dict, Any
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Fallback offline seed database for robustness (matches schema sql values)
+OFFLINE_ASSETS = [
+    {
+        "id": "server_001",
+        "name": "Server-01",
+        "type": "SERVER",
+        "metadata": {
+            "ip": "192.168.1.10",
+            "team": "Infrastructure",
+            "location": "Data Center A",
+            "aliases": ["Server-01", "Server01", "SRV-01", "srv-01"]
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "server_002",
+        "name": "Server-02",
+        "type": "SERVER",
+        "metadata": {
+            "ip": "192.168.1.11",
+            "team": "Infrastructure",
+            "location": "Data Center B",
+            "aliases": ["Server-02", "Server02", "SRV-02", "srv-02"]
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "database_prod_01",
+        "name": "MySQL-DB",
+        "type": "DATABASE",
+        "metadata": {
+            "db_type": "MySQL",
+            "team": "Database Administration",
+            "role": "production",
+            "aliases": ["DB-01", "Database-01", "MYSQL-PROD", "MySQL-DB", "MySQL Database", "Database-A"]
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "database_prod_02",
+        "name": "PostgreSQL-DB",
+        "type": "DATABASE",
+        "metadata": {
+            "db_type": "Postgres",
+            "team": "Database Administration",
+            "role": "production",
+            "aliases": ["DB-02", "Database-02", "POSTGRES-PROD", "Postgres-DB", "Postgres Database"]
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "crm_service",
+        "name": "CRM Service",
+        "type": "SERVICE",
+        "metadata": {
+            "owner": "CRM Team",
+            "criticality": "high",
+            "aliases": ["CRM", "CRM Service", "CRM-Service", "CRM app", "CRM Service App"]
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "billing_api",
+        "name": "Billing API",
+        "type": "API",
+        "metadata": {
+            "owner": "Finance Tech Team",
+            "version": "v2",
+            "aliases": ["Billing API", "Billing-API", "Billing Endpoint", "Billing-Service"]
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "infrastructure_team",
+        "name": "Infrastructure Team",
+        "type": "TEAM",
+        "metadata": {
+            "lead": "Alice Manager",
+            "aliases": ["Infrastructure Team", "Infrastructure", "Infra", "Sysadmin"]
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "dba_team",
+        "name": "Database Administration Team",
+        "type": "TEAM",
+        "metadata": {
+            "lead": "Bob Admin",
+            "aliases": ["Database Administration Team", "DBA Team", "DBA", "Database Team"]
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "iam_team",
+        "name": "IAM Team",
+        "type": "TEAM",
+        "metadata": {
+            "lead": "Charlie Sec",
+            "aliases": ["IAM Team", "IAM", "Security Team", "Identity Team"]
+        }
+    }
+]
+
+class EntityLinkingService:
+    def __init__(self, supabase_client=None):
+        self.supabase = supabase_client
+        self._cached_assets = None
+
+    def fetch_inventory_assets(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Fetch all canonical nodes from database or return offline seed data."""
+        if self._cached_assets:
+            return self._cached_assets
+
+        if not self.supabase:
+            return OFFLINE_ASSETS
+
+        try:
+            res = self.supabase.table("knowledge_graph_nodes").select("*").execute()
+            if res.data:
+                self._cached_assets = res.data
+                return res.data
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(f"Could not load assets from Supabase, using local catalog: {e}")
+            
+        return OFFLINE_ASSETS
+
+    def link_entities(self, extracted_entities: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Links extracted mentions to canonical inventory resource nodes.
+        Resolves aliases and expands entity dictionaries with canonical metadata.
+        """
+        inventory = self.fetch_inventory_assets()
+        linked_list = []
+
+        for entity_info in extracted_entities:
+            entity_text = entity_info.get("entity", "").strip()
+            entity_type = entity_info.get("type", "")
+            
+            resolved_node = None
+            
+            # 1. Look for matching name or aliases
+            for node in inventory:
+                name = node.get("name", "")
+                aliases = node.get("metadata", {}).get("aliases", [])
+                
+                # Check case-insensitive exact name
+                if name.lower() == entity_text.lower():
+                    resolved_node = node
+                    break
+                    
+                # Check aliases list
+                if any(alias.lower() == entity_text.lower() for alias in aliases):
+                    resolved_node = node
+                    break
+
+            if resolved_node:
+                # Build canonical link response
+                linked_item = {
+                    "entity": entity_text,
+                    "type": resolved_node.get("type", entity_type),
+                    "canonical_id": resolved_node.get("id"),
+                    "confidence": entity_info.get("confidence", 0.95),
+                    "start": entity_info.get("start"),
+                    "end": entity_info.get("end")
+                }
+                
+                # Expand with metadata fields
+                meta = resolved_node.get("metadata", {})
+                for key, val in meta.items():
+                    if key != "aliases":
+                        linked_item[key] = val
+                
+                # Backfill standard keys if not present
+                if "team" not in linked_item and "owner" in meta:
+                    linked_item["team"] = meta["owner"]
+                if "location" not in linked_item and "location" in meta:
+                    linked_item["location"] = meta["location"]
+                    
+                linked_list.append(linked_item)
+            else:
+                # If unlinked, generate standard self-referential entry
+                slug_id = re.sub(r"[^\w\d-]", "_", entity_text.lower())
+                linked_list.append({
+                    "entity": entity_text,
+                    "type": entity_type,
+                    "canonical_id": f"gen_{slug_id}",
+                    "confidence": entity_info.get("confidence", 0.90),
+                    "start": entity_info.get("start"),
+                    "end": entity_info.get("end")
+                })
+
+        return linked_list
diff --git a/backend/services/knowledge_graph_service.py b/backend/services/knowledge_graph_service.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e74dadd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/services/knowledge_graph_service.py
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+"""
+Knowledge Graph Service — Manages nodes and edges persistence in Supabase,
+performs multi-hop traversals, incident correlations, and root-cause analysis querying.
+Includes in-memory caching to guarantee query latency remains strictly below 200ms.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import time
+from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+class KnowledgeGraphService:
+    def __init__(self, supabase_client=None):
+        self.supabase = supabase_client
+        self._cache = {}
+        self._cache_ttl = 15  # seconds
+        self._last_fetched = 0
+
+    def _get_graph_data(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Fetch all nodes and edges from Supabase, caching for performance."""
+        now = time.time()
+        if self._cache and (now - self._last_fetched) < self._cache_ttl:
+            return self._cache
+
+        nodes = []
+        edges = []
+
+        if not self.supabase:
+            # Fallback to local stub data if DB is unavailable
+            from backend.services.entity_linking_service import OFFLINE_ASSETS
+            nodes = OFFLINE_ASSETS
+            # Construct standard seed edges
+            edges = [
+                {"source_id": "crm_service", "target_id": "database_prod_01", "relationship_type": "depends_on"},
+                {"source_id": "crm_service", "target_id": "server_001", "relationship_type": "runs_on"},
+                {"source_id": "billing_api", "target_id": "database_prod_01", "relationship_type": "depends_on"},
+                {"source_id": "billing_api", "target_id": "server_002", "relationship_type": "runs_on"},
+                {"source_id": "database_prod_01", "target_id": "server_001", "relationship_type": "connected_to"},
+                {"source_id": "database_prod_02", "target_id": "server_002", "relationship_type": "connected_to"},
+                {"source_id": "server_001", "target_id": "infrastructure_team", "relationship_type": "owned_by"},
+                {"source_id": "server_002", "target_id": "infrastructure_team", "relationship_type": "owned_by"},
+                {"source_id": "database_prod_01", "target_id": "dba_team", "relationship_type": "owned_by"},
+                {"source_id": "database_prod_02", "target_id": "dba_team", "relationship_type": "owned_by"},
+                {"source_id": "billing_api", "target_id": "iam_team", "relationship_type": "owned_by"}
+            ]
+            self._cache = {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges}
+            self._last_fetched = now
+            return self._cache
+
+        try:
+            nodes_res = self.supabase.table("knowledge_graph_nodes").select("*").execute()
+            nodes = nodes_res.data or []
+            
+            edges_res = self.supabase.table("knowledge_graph_edges").select("*").execute()
+            edges = edges_res.data or []
+            
+            self._cache = {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges}
+            self._last_fetched = now
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error loading knowledge graph from Supabase: {e}")
+            # fallback to cache or empty
+            if not self._cache:
+                self._cache = {"nodes": [], "edges": []}
+                
+        return self._cache
+
+    def get_nodes(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        return self._get_graph_data()["nodes"]
+
+    def get_edges(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        return self._get_graph_data()["edges"]
+
+    def add_node(self, node_id: str, name: str, type_name: str, company_id: Optional[str] = None, metadata: Optional[Dict] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Save a new node into the graph DB."""
+        if metadata is None:
+            metadata = {}
+        payload = {
+            "id": node_id,
+            "name": name,
+            "type": type_name,
+            "company_id": company_id,
+            "metadata": metadata
+        }
+        
+        # Clear cache
+        self._cache = {}
+        
+        if not self.supabase:
+            return payload
+
+        try:
+            # Check if exists
+            exists = self.supabase.table("knowledge_graph_nodes").select("id").eq("id", node_id).execute()
+            if exists.data:
+                res = self.supabase.table("knowledge_graph_nodes").update(payload).eq("id", node_id).execute()
+            else:
+                res = self.supabase.table("knowledge_graph_nodes").insert(payload).execute()
+            return res.data[0] if res.data else payload
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to upsert node {node_id}: {e}")
+            return payload
+
+    def add_edge(self, source_id: str, target_id: str, rel_type: str, company_id: Optional[str] = None, metadata: Optional[Dict] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Save a new edge into the graph DB."""
+        if metadata is None:
+            metadata = {}
+        payload = {
+            "source_id": source_id,
+            "target_id": target_id,
+            "relationship_type": rel_type,
+            "company_id": company_id,
+            "metadata": metadata
+        }
+        
+        # Clear cache
+        self._cache = {}
+
+        if not self.supabase:
+            return payload
+
+        try:
+            # Check unique edge (source, target, type)
+            exists = (self.supabase.table("knowledge_graph_edges")
+                      .select("id")
+                      .eq("source_id", source_id)
+                      .eq("target_id", target_id)
+                      .eq("relationship_type", rel_type)
+                      .execute())
+            if exists.data:
+                return exists.data[0]
+            
+            res = self.supabase.table("knowledge_graph_edges").insert(payload).execute()
+            return res.data[0] if res.data else payload
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to insert edge: {e}")
+            return payload
+
+    def query_graph(self, query_type: str, parameter: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Executes common graph queries and traversals under 200ms.
+        Supported query_types:
+        - 'incident_nodes': Show all tickets/incidents involving node ID
+        - 'dependent_services': Find all services dependent on node ID
+        - 'recurring_errors': List recurring errors affecting service ID
+        - 'root_causes': Find probable root causes of Incident/Ticket ID
+        """
+        graph = self._get_graph_data()
+        nodes = graph["nodes"]
+        edges = graph["edges"]
+        
+        # Map node ID to details
+        node_map = {n["id"]: n for n in nodes}
+
+        if query_type == "incident_nodes":
+            # Find all nodes linked to parameter (e.g. ticket nodes linked to server_001)
+            connected_ids = []
+            for edge in edges:
+                s = edge.get("source_id")
+                t = edge.get("target_id")
+                if s == parameter:
+                    connected_ids.append(t)
+                elif t == parameter:
+                    connected_ids.append(s)
+
+            res_nodes = [node_map[cid] for cid in connected_ids if cid in node_map and node_map[cid]["type"] in ["TICKET", "INCIDENT"]]
+            return {"query": f"Incidents involving {parameter}", "results": res_nodes}
+
+        elif query_type == "dependent_services":
+            # BFS/DFS to find all SERVICE nodes dependent on parameter
+            dependents = []
+            queue = [parameter]
+            visited = set()
+
+            while queue:
+                current = queue.pop(0)
+                if current in visited:
+                    continue
+                visited.add(current)
+
+                # Look for nodes that depend on 'current'
+                # E.g. edge: source depends_on target. If target == current, source is dependent
+                for edge in edges:
+                    s = edge.get("source_id")
+                    t = edge.get("target_id")
+                    rel = edge.get("relationship_type")
+                    
+                    if t == current and rel in ["depends_on", "runs_on", "connected_to"]:
+                        if s not in visited:
+                            queue.append(s)
+                            if s in node_map and node_map[s]["type"] in ["SERVICE", "APPLICATION", "API"]:
+                                dependents.append(node_map[s])
+
+            return {"query": f"Services dependent on {parameter}", "results": dependents}
+
+        elif query_type == "recurring_errors":
+            # Find all error nodes affecting service
+            errors = []
+            for edge in edges:
+                s = edge.get("source_id")
+                t = edge.get("target_id")
+                rel = edge.get("relationship_type")
+                
+                # Heuristic: error affects service, or service caused_by error
+                if t == parameter and rel in ["affects", "caused_by"] and s in node_map and node_map[s]["type"] == "ERROR_CODE":
+                    errors.append(node_map[s])
+                elif s == parameter and rel == "affects" and t in node_map and node_map[t]["type"] == "ERROR_CODE":
+                    errors.append(node_map[t])
+
+            return {"query": f"Errors affecting {parameter}", "results": errors}
+
+        elif query_type == "root_causes":
+            # Find the root of the cause chain for Incident ID
+            # Heuristics: follow caused_by or depends_on relations to see what database/server lies at the end of the chain
+            roots = []
+            queue = [parameter]
+            visited = set()
+
+            while queue:
+                current = queue.pop(0)
+                if current in visited:
+                    continue
+                visited.add(current)
+
+                found_upstream = False
+                for edge in edges:
+                    s = edge.get("source_id")
+                    t = edge.get("target_id")
+                    rel = edge.get("relationship_type")
+
+                    # Heuristic: s caused_by t, t caused s, etc.
+                    # Follow target if rel == caused_by
+                    if s == current and rel in ["caused_by", "depends_on"]:
+                        if t not in visited:
+                            queue.append(t)
+                            found_upstream = True
+                    # Follow source if rel == affects (e.g. source affects current, source caused it)
+                    elif t == current and rel in ["affects"]:
+                        if s not in visited:
+                            queue.append(s)
+                            found_upstream = True
+
+                if not found_upstream and current != parameter:
+                    # Leaf/Root node of the traversal
+                    if current in node_map and node_map[current]["type"] in ["DATABASE", "SERVER", "NETWORK_DEVICE", "ERROR_CODE"]:
+                        roots.append(node_map[current])
+
+            # Deduplicate
+            seen_ids = set()
+            unique_roots = []
+            for r in roots:
+                if r["id"] not in seen_ids:
+                    seen_ids.add(r["id"])
+                    unique_roots.append(r)
+
+            return {"query": f"Root causes of {parameter}", "results": unique_roots}
+
+        return {"query": "Unknown query type", "results": []}
diff --git a/backend/services/relationship_extraction_service.py b/backend/services/relationship_extraction_service.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7311ab9ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/services/relationship_extraction_service.py
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+"""
+Relationship Extraction Service — Detects dependencies, ownerships, impacts,
+and cause-effect chains between entities mentioned in support tickets.
+"""
+
+import re
+import json
+import logging
+from typing import List, Dict, Any
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Pattern triggers for rule-based matching
+RELATION_TRIGGERS = {
+    "runs_on": [r"runs on", r"hosted on", r"deployed on", r"on server", r"lives on"],
+    "depends_on": [r"depends on", r"requires", r"rely on", r"connecting to", r"needs database", r"calls API"],
+    "caused_by": [r"caused by", r"due to", r"because of", r"failed due", r"resulting from"],
+    "assigned_to": [r"assigned to", r"routed to", r"handled by"],
+    "owned_by": [r"owned by", r"managed by", r"belongs to"],
+    "affects": [r"affects", r"impacting", r"disrupting", r"breaks", r"down for"],
+    "connected_to": [r"connected to", r"linked to", r"networked with"],
+    "authenticates_with": [r"authenticates with", r"login to", r"auth using", r"sign in"]
+}
+
+class RelationshipExtractionService:
+    def __init__(self, gemini_service=None):
+        self.gemini_service = gemini_service
+
+    def extract_relationships(self, text: str, linked_entities: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Identify dependencies, connectivity, caused relationships, and cause-effect chains.
+        """
+        if not text or len(linked_entities) < 2:
+            return {"relationships": [], "cause_effect_chain": []}
+
+        # Try Gemini if active
+        if self.gemini_service and getattr(self.gemini_service, "_initialized", False):
+            try:
+                result = self._extract_with_gemini(text, linked_entities)
+                if result and "relationships" in result:
+                    return result
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(f"Gemini relationship extraction failed: {e}")
+
+        # Fallback to pattern-based matching
+        return self._extract_with_patterns(text, linked_entities)
+
+    def _extract_with_gemini(self, text: str, entities: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Leverages Gemini to extract entity relationships and cause-effect chains."""
+        entities_schema = [{"id": e["canonical_id"], "text": e["entity"], "type": e["type"]} for e in entities]
+        
+        prompt = (
+            "You are a production knowledge graph relationship extraction model.\n"
+            f"Ticket text: '{text}'\n"
+            f"Entities extracted: {json.dumps(entities_schema)}\n\n"
+            "Identify relationships between these entities. Use ONLY the following relationship types:\n"
+            "runs_on, depends_on, caused_by, assigned_to, owned_by, affects, connected_to, authenticates_with.\n\n"
+            "Also, detect the main cause-effect chain (e.g. ['database_prod_01', 'Connection Timeout', 'crm_service'] indicating DB outage -> timeout -> CRM impact).\n"
+            "Return a JSON object structured exactly as:\n"
+            "{\n"
+            "  \"relationships\": [\n"
+            "    { \"source\": \"entity_canonical_id_1\", \"target\": \"entity_canonical_id_2\", \"type\": \"runs_on\" }\n"
+            "  ],\n"
+            "  \"cause_effect_chain\": [\"canonical_id_a\", \"canonical_id_b\"]\n"
+            "}\n"
+            "Return strictly valid JSON. Do not include markdown blocks."
+        )
+
+        response = self._client_generate_content(prompt)
+        if not response:
+            return {"relationships": [], "cause_effect_chain": []}
+
+        try:
+            cleaned = response.strip()
+            if cleaned.startswith("```"):
+                cleaned = re.sub(r"^```(?:json)?\n|```$", "", cleaned, flags=re.MULTILINE).strip()
+            return json.loads(cleaned)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to parse relationships JSON: {e} | Raw: {response}")
+            return {"relationships": [], "cause_effect_chain": []}
+
+    def _client_generate_content(self, prompt: str) -> str:
+        try:
+            response = self.gemini_service.client.models.generate_content(
+                model=self.gemini_service.model_name,
+                contents=prompt
+            )
+            return response.text
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Gemini generation failed: {e}")
+            return ""
+
+    def _extract_with_patterns(self, text: str, entities: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Pattern/Trigger-based relationship mapping.
+        """
+        relationships = []
+        text_lower = text.lower()
+
+        # Iterate over pairs of entities to check if their context contains trigger keywords
+        for i in range(len(entities)):
+            for j in range(len(entities)):
+                if i == j:
+                    continue
+                
+                ent_a = entities[i]
+                ent_b = entities[j]
+                
+                id_a = ent_a["canonical_id"]
+                id_b = ent_b["canonical_id"]
+                
+                # Check context window between these two occurrences in the text
+                start_a = ent_a.get("start", 0)
+                start_b = ent_b.get("start", 0)
+                
+                start_idx = min(start_a, start_b)
+                end_idx = max(start_a, start_b)
+                
+                # Context buffer
+                context = text_lower[start_idx:end_idx]
+                
+                for rel_type, triggers in RELATION_TRIGGERS.items():
+                    for trigger in triggers:
+                        if re.search(trigger, context):
+                            # Determine direction heuristic
+                            # E.g. A depends_on B if A connects to B
+                            # A caused_by B if A failed because of B
+                            # Let's map direction:
+                            source = id_a
+                            target = id_b
+                            
+                            # Heuristic adjust based on grammar
+                            if rel_type == "caused_by" and start_a > start_b:
+                                source = id_a
+                                target = id_b
+                            elif rel_type == "runs_on" and ent_a["type"] == "SERVER":
+                                source = id_b
+                                target = id_a
+                            elif rel_type == "affects" and ent_b["type"] in ["ERROR_CODE", "INCIDENT"]:
+                                source = id_b
+                                target = id_a
+                            
+                            # Add relationship
+                            edge = {"source": source, "target": target, "type": rel_type}
+                            if edge not in relationships:
+                                relationships.append(edge)
+
+        # Build cause-effect chain heuristic:
+        # e.g., Database/Server -> Error Code -> Application/Service
+        cause_effect_chain = []
+        errors = [e["canonical_id"] for e in entities if e["type"] in ["ERROR_CODE", "INCIDENT", "ALERT"]]
+        backends = [e["canonical_id"] for e in entities if e["type"] in ["DATABASE", "SERVER", "HOSTNAME", "IP_ADDRESS"]]
+        frontends = [e["canonical_id"] for e in entities if e["type"] in ["APPLICATION", "SERVICE", "API"]]
+        
+        if backends and errors and frontends:
+            cause_effect_chain = [backends[0], errors[0], frontends[0]]
+        elif backends and errors:
+            cause_effect_chain = [backends[0], errors[0]]
+        elif errors and frontends:
+            cause_effect_chain = [errors[0], frontends[0]]
+
+        return {
+            "relationships": relationships,
+            "cause_effect_chain": cause_effect_chain
+        }
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_advanced_ner.py b/backend/tests/test_advanced_ner.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39a1be278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/test_advanced_ner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import sys
+import os
+import pytest
+import time
+
+# Ensure project root is in python path
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "..")))
+
+from backend.services.advanced_ner_service import AdvancedNERService
+from backend.services.entity_linking_service import EntityLinkingService
+from backend.services.relationship_extraction_service import RelationshipExtractionService
+from backend.services.knowledge_graph_service import KnowledgeGraphService
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def ner_service():
+    return AdvancedNERService()
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def linking_service():
+    return EntityLinkingService()
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def relationship_service():
+    return RelationshipExtractionService()
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def graph_service():
+    return KnowledgeGraphService()
+
+def test_advanced_ner_extraction(ner_service):
+    """Test that NER fallback extracts crucial support entities."""
+    ticket_text = "Server-01 unreachable. CRM service reports connection timeout error 0x80004005."
+    entities = ner_service.extract_entities(ticket_text)
+    
+    # Assertions
+    assert len(entities) >= 3
+    
+    # Verify entity texts and types are captured
+    entity_texts = [e["entity"].lower() for e in entities]
+    entity_types = [e["type"] for e in entities]
+    
+    assert any("server-01" in text for text in entity_texts)
+    assert any("crm" in text for text in entity_texts)
+    assert any("0x80004005" in text for text in entity_texts)
+    
+    # Verify classifications
+    assert "SERVER" in entity_types
+    assert "APPLICATION" in entity_types or "SERVICE" in entity_types
+    assert "ERROR_CODE" in entity_types
+
+def test_entity_linking(ner_service, linking_service):
+    """Test mapping of raw mentions and aliases to canonical IDs."""
+    ticket_text = "DB-01 has queries failing. CRM is slow."
+    extracted = ner_service.extract_entities(ticket_text)
+    linked = linking_service.link_entities(extracted)
+    
+    # Check that DB-01 is linked to database_prod_01
+    db_node = next((e for e in linked if e["entity"].lower() == "db-01"), None)
+    assert db_node is not None
+    assert db_node["canonical_id"] == "database_prod_01"
+    assert db_node["team"] == "Database Administration"
+    
+    # Check that CRM is linked to crm_service
+    crm_node = next((e for e in linked if e["entity"].lower() == "crm"), None)
+    assert crm_node is not None
+    assert crm_node["canonical_id"] == "crm_service"
+
+def test_relationship_extraction(ner_service, linking_service, relationship_service):
+    """Test identifying dependencies and cause-effect chains."""
+    ticket_text = "CRM service runs on Server-01 and depends on MySQL-DB."
+    extracted = ner_service.extract_entities(ticket_text)
+    linked = linking_service.link_entities(extracted)
+    rel_data = relationship_service.extract_relationships(ticket_text, linked)
+    
+    relationships = rel_data["relationships"]
+    
+    # Verify relationships found
+    assert len(relationships) >= 1
+    rel_types = [r["type"] for r in relationships]
+    
+    # Check at least one of these runs_on/depends_on relationships is correctly identified
+    assert any(rt in ["runs_on", "depends_on", "connected_to"] for rt in rel_types)
+
+def test_graph_query_performance_and_accuracy(graph_service):
+    """Validate graph querying traversals and performance latency under 200ms."""
+    # 1. Dependency query
+    start_time = time.time()
+    res_dependent = graph_service.query_graph("dependent_services", "database_prod_01")
+    duration_ms = (time.time() - start_time) * 1000
+    
+    # Assertions
+    assert duration_ms < 200.0  # Performance target < 200ms
+    assert len(res_dependent["results"]) >= 1
+    
+    # Verify that CRM service depends on MySQL-DB
+    dependent_ids = [n["id"] for n in res_dependent["results"]]
+    assert "crm_service" in dependent_ids
+
+    # 2. Root cause query
+    start_time = time.time()
+    res_root = graph_service.query_graph("root_causes", "crm_service")
+    duration_ms = (time.time() - start_time) * 1000
+    
+    assert duration_ms < 200.0
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_retry_logic.py b/backend/tests/test_retry_logic.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29f6e2680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/test_retry_logic.py
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+"""
+Unit tests for the retry logic in backend/services/classifier_service.py.
+
+This test file stubs out all heavy ML dependencies (torch, transformers,
+prometheus_client) at the sys.modules level so it runs quickly without
+requiring a GPU or a full ML environment.
+
+Run from the repository root with:
+    python -m pytest backend/tests/test_retry_logic.py -v
+"""
+
+import sys
+import time
+import types
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, call, patch
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Stub heavy dependencies BEFORE importing classifier_service
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _make_stub_module(name):
+    mod = types.ModuleType(name)
+    sys.modules[name] = mod
+    return mod
+
+
+# torch
+_torch = _make_stub_module("torch")
+_torch.device = lambda *a, **kw: "cpu"
+_torch.cuda = MagicMock()
+_torch.cuda.is_available = MagicMock(return_value=False)
+_torch.no_grad = MagicMock(return_value=MagicMock(__enter__=lambda s, *a: s, __exit__=lambda s, *a: None))
+_torch_nn = _make_stub_module("torch.nn")
+_torch_nn_functional = _make_stub_module("torch.nn.functional")
+_torch_nn_functional.softmax = MagicMock()
+
+# transformers
+_transformers = _make_stub_module("transformers")
+_transformers.DistilBertTokenizerFast = MagicMock()
+_transformers.DistilBertForSequenceClassification = MagicMock()
+
+# prometheus_client — provide real Counter/Histogram stubs that don't need a
+# running metrics server, so metric assertions in the tests remain meaningful.
+_prom = _make_stub_module("prometheus_client")
+
+class _FakeMetric:
+    def __init__(self, *a, **kw):
+        self._calls = []
+
+    def labels(self, **kw):
+        self._calls.append(kw)
+        return self
+
+    def inc(self, amount=1):
+        pass
+
+    def observe(self, value):
+        pass
+
+_prom.Counter = _FakeMetric
+_prom.Histogram = _FakeMetric
+
+# Now safe to import
+from backend.services.classifier_service import (  # noqa: E402
+    _backoff_delay,
+    _is_retryable,
+    _retry_call,
+    _BASE_DELAY_S,
+    _MAX_RETRIES,
+)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _is_retryable
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestIsRetryable(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_connection_error_is_retryable(self):
+        self.assertTrue(_is_retryable(ConnectionError("refused")))
+
+    def test_timeout_error_is_retryable(self):
+        self.assertTrue(_is_retryable(TimeoutError("timed out")))
+
+    def test_os_error_is_retryable(self):
+        self.assertTrue(_is_retryable(OSError("IO failure")))
+
+    def test_file_not_found_is_retryable(self):
+        # FileNotFoundError is a subclass of OSError — transient I/O, retryable.
+        self.assertTrue(_is_retryable(FileNotFoundError("missing")))
+
+    def test_value_error_is_not_retryable(self):
+        self.assertFalse(_is_retryable(ValueError("bad input")))
+
+    def test_runtime_error_is_not_retryable(self):
+        self.assertFalse(_is_retryable(RuntimeError("model exploded")))
+
+    def test_key_error_is_not_retryable(self):
+        self.assertFalse(_is_retryable(KeyError("missing key")))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _backoff_delay
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestBackoffDelay(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_attempt_1_returns_200ms(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(_backoff_delay(1), 0.2, places=9)
+
+    def test_attempt_2_returns_400ms(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(_backoff_delay(2), 0.4, places=9)
+
+    def test_attempt_3_returns_800ms(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(_backoff_delay(3), 0.8, places=9)
+
+    def test_formula_is_base_times_power_of_two(self):
+        for attempt in range(1, 6):
+            expected = _BASE_DELAY_S * (2 ** attempt)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(_backoff_delay(attempt), expected, places=9)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _retry_call — success path
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestRetryCallSuccess(unittest.TestCase):
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.time.sleep", return_value=None)
+    def test_succeeds_on_first_attempt_with_no_sleep(self, mock_sleep):
+        fn = MagicMock(return_value={"category": "Network"})
+        result = _retry_call(fn, provider="classifier")
+        self.assertEqual(result, {"category": "Network"})
+        fn.assert_called_once()
+        mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.time.sleep", return_value=None)
+    def test_succeeds_after_two_transient_failures(self, mock_sleep):
+        fn = MagicMock(
+            side_effect=[
+                ConnectionError("refused"),
+                ConnectionError("refused"),
+                {"category": "Software"},
+            ]
+        )
+        result = _retry_call(fn, provider="classifier")
+        self.assertEqual(result, {"category": "Software"})
+        self.assertEqual(fn.call_count, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(mock_sleep.call_count, 2)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _retry_call — retry exhaustion
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestRetryCallExhaustion(unittest.TestCase):
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.time.sleep", return_value=None)
+    def test_raises_after_max_retries_on_connection_error(self, mock_sleep):
+        fn = MagicMock(side_effect=ConnectionError("always fails"))
+        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionError):
+            _retry_call(fn, provider="classifier")
+        # 1 initial call + _MAX_RETRIES retry calls
+        self.assertEqual(fn.call_count, 1 + _MAX_RETRIES)
+        self.assertEqual(mock_sleep.call_count, _MAX_RETRIES)
+
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.time.sleep", return_value=None)
+    def test_raises_after_max_retries_on_timeout_error(self, mock_sleep):
+        fn = MagicMock(side_effect=TimeoutError("always times out"))
+        with self.assertRaises(TimeoutError):
+            _retry_call(fn, provider="classifier")
+        self.assertEqual(fn.call_count, 1 + _MAX_RETRIES)
+
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.time.sleep", return_value=None)
+    def test_custom_max_retries_limits_attempts(self, mock_sleep):
+        fn = MagicMock(side_effect=ConnectionError("fail"))
+        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionError):
+            _retry_call(fn, provider="test", max_retries=1)
+        # 1 initial + 1 retry = 2 total calls, 1 sleep
+        self.assertEqual(fn.call_count, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(mock_sleep.call_count, 1)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _retry_call — non-retryable errors (fail immediately)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestRetryCallNonRetryable(unittest.TestCase):
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.time.sleep", return_value=None)
+    def test_value_error_is_not_retried(self, mock_sleep):
+        fn = MagicMock(side_effect=ValueError("bad input"))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            _retry_call(fn, provider="classifier")
+        fn.assert_called_once()
+        mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.time.sleep", return_value=None)
+    def test_runtime_error_is_not_retried(self, mock_sleep):
+        fn = MagicMock(side_effect=RuntimeError("unexpected"))
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            _retry_call(fn, provider="classifier")
+        fn.assert_called_once()
+        mock_sleep.assert_not_called()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _retry_call — correct backoff sleep durations
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestRetryCallBackoffTiming(unittest.TestCase):
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.time.sleep", return_value=None)
+    def test_sleep_called_with_correct_exponential_delays(self, mock_sleep):
+        fn = MagicMock(
+            side_effect=[
+                ConnectionError(),
+                ConnectionError(),
+                ConnectionError(),
+                {"ok": True},
+            ]
+        )
+        _retry_call(fn, provider="classifier")
+        expected_calls = [
+            call(_backoff_delay(1)),
+            call(_backoff_delay(2)),
+            call(_backoff_delay(3)),
+        ]
+        mock_sleep.assert_has_calls(expected_calls)
+        self.assertEqual(mock_sleep.call_count, 3)
+
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.time.sleep", return_value=None)
+    def test_delay_doubles_each_attempt(self, mock_sleep):
+        fn = MagicMock(
+            side_effect=[
+                ConnectionError(),
+                ConnectionError(),
+                {"ok": True},
+            ]
+        )
+        _retry_call(fn, provider="classifier")
+        delays = [c.args[0] for c in mock_sleep.call_args_list]
+        # Each successive delay should be double the previous
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(delays[1], delays[0] * 2, places=9)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _retry_call — Prometheus metrics emission
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestRetryCallMetrics(unittest.TestCase):
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.time.sleep", return_value=None)
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.CLASSIFIER_RETRY_TOTAL")
+    def test_retrying_and_success_metrics_emitted(self, mock_counter, _mock_sleep):
+        mock_labels = MagicMock()
+        mock_counter.labels.return_value = mock_labels
+
+        fn = MagicMock(side_effect=[ConnectionError("once"), {"result": "ok"}])
+        _retry_call(fn, provider="gemini")
+
+        retrying_call = call(provider="gemini", status="retrying")
+        success_call = call(provider="gemini", status="success")
+        all_calls = mock_counter.labels.call_args_list
+
+        self.assertIn(retrying_call, all_calls)
+        self.assertIn(success_call, all_calls)
+
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.time.sleep", return_value=None)
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.CLASSIFIER_RETRY_TOTAL")
+    def test_failure_metric_emitted_after_exhaustion(self, mock_counter, _mock_sleep):
+        mock_labels = MagicMock()
+        mock_counter.labels.return_value = mock_labels
+
+        fn = MagicMock(side_effect=ConnectionError("always"))
+        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionError):
+            _retry_call(fn, provider="gemini")
+
+        failure_call = call(provider="gemini", status="failure")
+        self.assertIn(failure_call, mock_counter.labels.call_args_list)
+
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.time.sleep", return_value=None)
+    @patch("backend.services.classifier_service.CLASSIFIER_RETRY_TOTAL")
+    def test_no_metrics_emitted_on_first_attempt_success(
+        self, mock_counter, _mock_sleep
+    ):
+        fn = MagicMock(return_value={"ok": True})
+        _retry_call(fn, provider="classifier")
+        mock_counter.labels.assert_not_called()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/supabase/migrations/20260613000000_knowledge_graph.sql b/supabase/migrations/20260613000000_knowledge_graph.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..611992139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/supabase/migrations/20260613000000_knowledge_graph.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+-- Migration: Create Knowledge Graph tables and seed defaults
+
+-- 1. Create Nodes Table
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.knowledge_graph_nodes (
+    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    name TEXT NOT NULL,
+    type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    company_id UUID,
+    metadata JSONB DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb,
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT timezone('utc'::text, now()) NOT NULL,
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT timezone('utc'::text, now()) NOT NULL
+);
+
+-- 2. Create Edges Table
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.knowledge_graph_edges (
+    id UUID DEFAULT gen_random_uuid() PRIMARY KEY,
+    source_id TEXT REFERENCES public.knowledge_graph_nodes(id) ON DELETE CASCADE NOT NULL,
+    target_id TEXT REFERENCES public.knowledge_graph_nodes(id) ON DELETE CASCADE NOT NULL,
+    relationship_type TEXT NOT NULL,
+    company_id UUID,
+    metadata JSONB DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb,
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT timezone('utc'::text, now()) NOT NULL,
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT timezone('utc'::text, now()) NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT unique_edge UNIQUE (source_id, target_id, relationship_type)
+);
+
+-- 3. Enable RLS
+ALTER TABLE public.knowledge_graph_nodes ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE public.knowledge_graph_edges ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- 4. Create Policies
+-- Auth users can view
+CREATE POLICY "Nodes viewable by authenticated users" ON public.knowledge_graph_nodes
+    FOR SELECT TO authenticated USING (true);
+
+CREATE POLICY "Edges viewable by authenticated users" ON public.knowledge_graph_edges
+    FOR SELECT TO authenticated USING (true);
+
+-- service_role has full control
+CREATE POLICY "Nodes full access to service_role" ON public.knowledge_graph_nodes
+    FOR ALL TO service_role USING (true);
+
+CREATE POLICY "Edges full access to service_role" ON public.knowledge_graph_edges
+    FOR ALL TO service_role USING (true);
+
+-- Authenticated users can write nodes/edges too for logging ticket relations
+CREATE POLICY "Nodes writable by authenticated users" ON public.knowledge_graph_nodes
+    FOR ALL TO authenticated USING (true);
+
+CREATE POLICY "Edges writable by authenticated users" ON public.knowledge_graph_edges
+    FOR ALL TO authenticated USING (true);
+
+-- 5. Create Performance Indexes
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_nodes_type ON public.knowledge_graph_nodes(type);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_edges_source ON public.knowledge_graph_edges(source_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_edges_target ON public.knowledge_graph_edges(target_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_edges_rel ON public.knowledge_graph_edges(relationship_type);
+
+-- 6. Grant Permissions
+GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON public.knowledge_graph_nodes TO authenticated;
+GRANT ALL ON public.knowledge_graph_nodes TO service_role;
+GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON public.knowledge_graph_edges TO authenticated;
+GRANT ALL ON public.knowledge_graph_edges TO service_role;
+
+-- 7. Seed Default System Nodes
+INSERT INTO public.knowledge_graph_nodes (id, name, type, metadata) VALUES
+('server_001', 'Server-01', 'SERVER', '{"ip": "192.168.1.10", "team": "Infrastructure", "location": "Data Center A", "aliases": ["Server-01", "Server01", "SRV-01", "srv-01"]}'::jsonb),
+('server_002', 'Server-02', 'SERVER', '{"ip": "192.168.1.11", "team": "Infrastructure", "location": "Data Center B", "aliases": ["Server-02", "Server02", "SRV-02", "srv-02"]}'::jsonb),
+('database_prod_01', 'MySQL-DB', 'DATABASE', '{"db_type": "MySQL", "team": "Database Administration", "role": "production", "aliases": ["DB-01", "Database-01", "MYSQL-PROD", "MySQL-DB", "MySQL Database", "Database-A"]}'::jsonb),
+('database_prod_02', 'PostgreSQL-DB', 'DATABASE', '{"db_type": "Postgres", "team": "Database Administration", "role": "production", "aliases": ["DB-02", "Database-02", "POSTGRES-PROD", "Postgres-DB", "Postgres Database"]}'::jsonb),
+('crm_service', 'CRM Service', 'SERVICE', '{"owner": "CRM Team", "criticality": "high", "aliases": ["CRM", "CRM Service", "CRM-Service", "CRM app", "CRM Service App"]}'::jsonb),
+('billing_api', 'Billing API', 'API', '{"owner": "Finance Tech Team", "version": "v2", "aliases": ["Billing API", "Billing-API", "Billing Endpoint", "Billing-Service"]}'::jsonb),
+('infrastructure_team', 'Infrastructure Team', 'TEAM', '{"lead": "Alice Manager", "aliases": ["Infrastructure Team", "Infrastructure", "Infra", "Sysadmin"]}'::jsonb),
+('dba_team', 'Database Administration Team', 'TEAM', '{"lead": "Bob Admin", "aliases": ["Database Administration Team", "DBA Team", "DBA", "Database Team"]}'::jsonb),
+('iam_team', 'IAM Team', 'TEAM', '{"lead": "Charlie Sec", "aliases": ["IAM Team", "IAM", "Security Team", "Identity Team"]}'::jsonb)
+ON CONFLICT (id) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- 8. Seed Default System Relationships
+INSERT INTO public.knowledge_graph_edges (source_id, target_id, relationship_type, metadata) VALUES
+('crm_service', 'database_prod_01', 'depends_on', '{"strength": "critical"}'::jsonb),
+('crm_service', 'server_001', 'runs_on', '{}'::jsonb),
+('billing_api', 'database_prod_01', 'depends_on', '{"strength": "high"}'::jsonb),
+('billing_api', 'server_002', 'runs_on', '{}'::jsonb),
+('database_prod_01', 'server_001', 'connected_to', '{}'::jsonb),
+('database_prod_02', 'server_002', 'connected_to', '{}'::jsonb),
+('server_001', 'infrastructure_team', 'owned_by', '{}'::jsonb),
+('server_002', 'infrastructure_team', 'owned_by', '{}'::jsonb),
+('database_prod_01', 'dba_team', 'owned_by', '{}'::jsonb),
+('database_prod_02', 'dba_team', 'owned_by', '{}'::jsonb),
+('billing_api', 'iam_team', 'owned_by', '{}'::jsonb)
+ON CONFLICT (source_id, target_id, relationship_type) DO NOTHING;