Deny `static mut` declarations entirely

[pitaj]

What it does

The static_mut_refs rustc lint checks for shared or mutable references of mutable statics. This catches most incorrect uses, but doesn't necessarily accomplish the goal of moving the ecosystem away from static mut entirely.

The static_mut clippy lint will check for any declarations of mutable statics, and recommend using an immutable static with a type with interior mutability instead.

Advantage

Move the ecosystem away from static mut. May even catch some unsoundness issues.

Drawbacks

Churn

Example

static mut NUM: usize = 0;
static mut FOO: Thing = Thing::new();

Could be written as:

static NUM: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
static FOO: Mutex<Thing> = Mutex::new(Thing::new());
// Or RwLock, LazyLock, SyncUnsafeCell, etc

It would be good to point people to the edition guide explanation and the higher level sync objects docs.

[lolbinarycat]

@rustbot claim

[archief2910]

@rustbot claim

[pitaj]

@archief2910 see the discussion in the previous implementation pr: #12914

Essentially, you may want to wait until we know more about the direction in rustc and std.

[pitaj]

You also shouldn't claim an issue that's already assigned, without first attempting to contact the assignee.