Reduce duplication by sharing common steps between GitHub Actions

[chestercheng]

The .github/workflows/*.yml workflows contain several repeated steps (e.g. dependency installation).
This makes maintenance harder and increases the risk of workflows drifting over time.

It would be better to extract the common parts into shared steps, and keep each workflow focused on its specific logic.

[ExplorerRay]

I think this can be solved by composite actions.

[terrychan999]

I reviewed the workflows and broke down the dependencies used in modmesh by level and usage.
This could help clarify what should be moved into the dependency installation composite action.

OS level

• C++ compiler (clang/gcc/msvc)
• cmake
• python
• Qt

for test

• gtest

for lint

• clang-tidy
• clang-format
• silversearcher-ag (installed in lint.yml but not currently used)

Python level

• setuptools
• pybind11[global]
• numpy
• PySide6 (should align with the same version of Qt)
• matplotlib

for test

• pytest
• jsonschema

for lint

• flake8

[ExplorerRay]

I have done Linux and MacOS composite actions in #691.

I think there are some todos in this issue.

• Windows composite action for devbuild.yml
• Linux composite action for nouse_install.yml
• MacOS composite action for nouse_install.yml
• Try removing suspiciously unnecessary packages
  • For example, silversearcher-ag mentioned here