Cape Town | 2026-ITP-Jan | Pretty Taruvinga | Sprint 1 | Structuring and Testing Data

Sprint-1/1-key-exercises/1-count.js

@@ -2,5 +2,10 @@ let count = 0;
 
 count = count + 1;
 
+console.log(count);
 // Line 1 is a variable declaration, creating the count variable with an initial value of 0
 // Describe what line 3 is doing, in particular focus on what = is doing
+
+// Answer
+// Line 3 is an assignment operation. The = operator assigns the value of the expression on its right
+// (count + 1) to the variable on its left (count). This effectively increments the value of count by 1.

Sprint-1/1-key-exercises/2-initials.js

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ let lastName = "Johnson";
 
 // Declare a variable called initials that stores the first character of each string.
 // This should produce the string "CKJ", but you must not write the characters C, K, or J in the code of your solution.
+//
+let initials = firstName[0] + middleName[0] + lastName[0];
 
-let initials = ``;
-
+console.log(initials);
 // https://www.google.com/search?q=get+first+character+of+string+mdn
 

Sprint-1/1-key-exercises/3-paths.js

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ console.log(`The base part of ${filePath} is ${base}`);
 // Create a variable to store the dir part of the filePath variable
 // Create a variable to store the ext part of the variable
 
-const dir = ;
-const ext = ;
+const dir = filePath.slice(0, lastSlashIndex);
+const ext = filePath.slice(filePath.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
 
+console.log(`The dir part of ${filePath} is ${dir}`);
+console.log(`The ext part of ${filePath} is ${ext}`);
 // https://www.google.com/search?q=slice+mdn

Sprint-1/1-key-exercises/4-random.js

@@ -7,3 +7,9 @@ const num = Math.floor(Math.random() * (maximum - minimum + 1)) + minimum;
 // Try breaking down the expression and using documentation to explain what it means
 // It will help to think about the order in which expressions are evaluated
 // Try logging the value of num and running the program several times to build an idea of what the program is doing
+// Answer
+// The expression generates a random integer between the minimum and maximum values (inclusive). 
+// Math.random() generates a random decimal number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive). 
+// Multiplying this by (maximum - minimum + 1) scales it to the range of possible integers. 
+// Adding minimum shifts the range to start from the minimum value. 
+// Finally, Math.floor() rounds down to the nearest whole number, ensuring that num is an integer within the specified range.

Sprint-1/2-mandatory-errors/0.js

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-This is just an instruction for the first activity - but it is just for human consumption
-We don't want the computer to run these 2 lines - how can we solve this problem?
+//This is just an instruction for the first activity - but it is just for human consumption
+//We don't want the computer to run these 2 lines - how can we solve this problem?

Sprint-1/2-mandatory-errors/1.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // trying to create an age variable and then reassign the value by 1
 
-const age = 33;
+let age = 33;
 age = age + 1;

Sprint-1/2-mandatory-errors/2.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Currently trying to print the string "I was born in Bolton" but it isn't working...
 // what's the error ?
 
-console.log(`I was born in ${cityOfBirth}`);
 const cityOfBirth = "Bolton";
+console.log(`I was born in ${cityOfBirth}`);

Sprint-1/2-mandatory-errors/3.js

@@ -7,3 +7,6 @@ const last4Digits = cardNumber.slice(-4);
 // Then run the code and see what error it gives.
 // Consider: Why does it give this error? Is this what I predicted? If not, what's different?
 // Then try updating the expression last4Digits is assigned to, in order to get the correct value
+//answer
+const cardNumber = 4533787178994213;
+const last4DigitsString = cardNumber.toString().slice(-4);

Sprint-1/2-mandatory-errors/4.js

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-const 12HourClockTime = "20:53";
-const 24hourClockTime = "08:53";
+const twelveHourClockTime = "20:53";
+const twentyFourHourClockTime = "08:53";

Sprint-1/3-mandatory-interpret/1-percentage-change.js

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ let carPrice = "10,000";
 let priceAfterOneYear = "8,543";
 
 carPrice = Number(carPrice.replaceAll(",", ""));
-priceAfterOneYear = Number(priceAfterOneYear.replaceAll("," ""));
+priceAfterOneYear = Number(priceAfterOneYear.replaceAll(",", ""));
 
 const priceDifference = carPrice - priceAfterOneYear;
 const percentageChange = (priceDifference / carPrice) * 100;
@@ -13,10 +13,28 @@ console.log(`The percentage change is ${percentageChange}`);
 
 // a) How many function calls are there in this file? Write down all the lines where a function call is made
 
+// 1. carPrice.replaceAll(",", "")
+// 2. priceAfterOneYear.replaceAll(",", "")
+// 3. Number(...)
+// 4. console.log(...) -
+// 5. (priceDifference / carPrice) * 100 - line 7 (this is an expression that involves division and multiplication, but it does not involve a function call)
+
 // b) Run the code and identify the line where the error is coming from - why is this error occurring? How can you fix this problem?
 
+//// The error is on line 5 where `priceAfterOneYear.replaceAll("," "")` is called.
+// The syntax error occurs because there is a missing comma between the arguments in the `replaceAll` method.
+// Fix: Change `priceAfterOneYear.replaceAll("," "")` to `priceAfterOneYear.replaceAll(",", "")`
 // c) Identify all the lines that are variable reassignment statements
 
+// Line 4: carPrice = Number(carPrice.replaceAll(",", ""));
+// Line 5: priceAfterOneYear = Number(priceAfterOneYear.replaceAll(",", ""));
+
 // d) Identify all the lines that are variable declarations
 
+// Line 1: let carPrice = "10,000";
+// Line 2: let priceAfterOneYear = "8,543";
+// Line 7: const priceDifference = carPrice - priceAfterOneYear;
+// Line 8: const percentageChange = (priceDifference / carPrice) * 100;
+
 // e) Describe what the expression Number(carPrice.replaceAll(",","")) is doing - what is the purpose of this expression?
+// The expression `carPrice.replaceAll(",", "")` removes all commas from the string `carPrice`, converting it to a number that can be used in mathematical operations. This is necessary because the original value is a string with commas (e.g., "10,000"), which cannot be directly used in arithmetic calculations. The `Number()` function then converts the resulting string (e.g., "10000") into a numeric value.

Sprint-1/3-mandatory-interpret/2-time-format.js

@@ -12,14 +12,20 @@ console.log(result);
 // For the piece of code above, read the code and then answer the following questions
 
 // a) How many variable declarations are there in this program?
+// There are 6 variable declarations in this program: movieLength, remainingSeconds, totalMinutes, remainingMinutes, totalHours, and result.
 
 // b) How many function calls are there?
+// There is 1 function call in this program: console.log(result);
 
 // c) Using documentation, explain what the expression movieLength % 60 represents
 // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators
+// The expression `movieLength % 60` calculates the remainder when `movieLength` is divided by 60. This is used to determine the number of seconds that are left after accounting for the full minutes in the movie length. For example, if `movieLength` is 8784 seconds, then `movieLength % 60` would give us the remaining seconds after converting as many full minutes as possible from the total seconds.
 
 // d) Interpret line 4, what does the expression assigned to totalMinutes mean?
+// The expression assigned to `totalMinutes` is calculating the total number of full minutes in the movie length. It does this by first subtracting the `remainingSeconds` from `movieLength`, which gives us the total number of seconds that can be fully converted into minutes. Then, it divides that result by 60 to convert those seconds into minutes. For example, if `movieLength` is 8784 seconds and `remainingSeconds` is 24 seconds, then `totalMinutes` would be calculated as (8784 - 24) / 60, which equals 145 minutes.
 
 // e) What do you think the variable result represents? Can you think of a better name for this variable?
+// The variable `result` represents the formatted time in hours, minutes, and seconds. A better name for this variable could be `formattedTime`.
 
 // f) Try experimenting with different values of movieLength. Will this code work for all values of movieLength? Explain your answer
+// This code will work for all non-negative integer values of `movieLength`. It correctly calculates the hours, minutes, and seconds for any given length of time in seconds. However, if `movieLength` is negative, the calculations would not make sense in the context of a movie length, and the output would be incorrect. Therefore, it is important to ensure that `movieLength` is a non-negative integer for this code to function properly.

Sprint-1/3-mandatory-interpret/3-to-pounds.js

@@ -1,27 +1,72 @@
 const penceString = "399p";
+// This line declares a constant variable named `penceString` and assigns it the value "399p".
+// This string represents a price in pence.
 
 const penceStringWithoutTrailingP = penceString.substring(
   0,
   penceString.length - 1
 );
+// This removes the trailing "p" from the string, leaving only the numeric value.
 
 const paddedPenceNumberString = penceStringWithoutTrailingP.padStart(3, "0");
+// Ensures the number has at least 3 digits by adding leading zeros if necessary.
+
 const pounds = paddedPenceNumberString.substring(
   0,
   paddedPenceNumberString.length - 2
 );
+// Extracts the pounds part of the value.
 
 const pence = paddedPenceNumberString
   .substring(paddedPenceNumberString.length - 2)
   .padEnd(2, "0");
+// Extracts the last two digits to represent the pence value.
 
 console.log(`£${pounds}.${pence}`);
+// This line constructs a string in the format "£X.XX" where X represents the pounds and pence values, and then prints it to the console.
+// Prints the formatted price such as "£3.99".
 
 // This program takes a string representing a price in pence
+// It then removes the trailing "p" character, pads the number with leading
+// zeros to ensure it has at least 3 digits, and then separates the pounds and pence parts of the number.
+
 // The program then builds up a string representing the price in pounds
+// and pence format (e.g., "£3.99") by concatenating the pounds and pence parts together with a "£" symbol and a decimal point. The final output is printed to the console.
+
+// This program takes a string representing a price in pence (e.g., "399p") and converts it into a formatted string representing the price in pounds and pence (e.g., "£3.99").
+// by concatenating the pounds and pence parts together with a "£" symbol and a decimal point. The final output is printed to the console.
 
 // You need to do a step-by-step breakdown of each line in this program
+// a) How many function calls are there in this file? Write down all the lines where a function call is made
+// 1. penceString.substring(0, penceString.length - 1) - line 3
+// 2. penceStringWithoutTrailingP.padStart(3, "0") - line 5
+// 3. paddedPenceNumberString.substring(0, paddedPenceNumberString.length - 2) - line 6
+// 4. paddedPenceNumberString.substring(paddedPenceNumberString.length - 2) - line 9
+// 5. padEnd(2, "0") - line 9
+// 6. console.log(`£${pounds}.${pence}`) - line 11
+
 // Try and describe the purpose / rationale behind each step
+// b) Run the code and identify the line where the error is coming from - why is this error occurring? How can you fix this problem?
+// c) Identify all the lines that are variable reassignment statements
+// d) Identify all the lines that are variable declarations
+// e) Describe what the expression penceString.substring(0, penceString.length - 1) is doing - what is the purpose of this expression?
+
+// a) How many function calls are there in this file?
+
+// 1. penceString.substring(0, penceString.length - 1)
+// Removes the trailing "p" from `penceString` by taking a substring that excludes the last character.
+
+// 2. penceStringWithoutTrailingP.padStart(3, "0")
+// Ensures the string has at least 3 digits by adding leading zeros if needed.
+
+// 3. paddedPenceNumberString.substring(0, paddedPenceNumberString.length - 2)
+// Extracts the pounds part by taking all digits except the last two.
+
+// 4. paddedPenceNumberString.substring(paddedPenceNumberString.length - 2)
+// Extracts the last two digits to represent the pence value.
+
+// 5. padEnd(2, "0")
+// Ensures the pence value always has two digits by adding trailing zeros if necessary.
 
-// To begin, we can start with
-// 1. const penceString = "399p": initialises a string variable with the value "399p"
+// 6. console.log(`£${pounds}.${pence}`)
+// Prints the final formatted price in pounds and pence to the console.