chore(python/sedonadb): Add geography integration test framework

[paleolimbot]

This PR adds a framework for geography integration tests. This specifically adds one for each category (categories based on the BigQuery categories here: https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/geography_functions ), and, critically, adds a BigQuery engine to test against (because PostGIS only supports a subset of the functions we implement now and bigquery uses the same underlying library so the results in theory should match more closely).

For BigQuery, the engine uses application default credentials (i.e., gcloud login) and caches the responses by query in a YAML file. This is a bit crude but is needed because the latency of a single BigQuery roundtrip is very slow. We may need something that scales better at some point but this should get us through the basic suite of "is all of this plugged in and can we add regression tests".

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR introduces a geography integration test framework for SedonaDB’s Python package, including a new BigQuery-backed engine (via ADBC) with a YAML-based query-result cache to avoid repeated slow BigQuery roundtrips.

Changes:

• Added a BigQuery DBEngine implementation plus a YAML-backed ArrowSQLCache for cached Arrow IPC results.
• Added new geography-focused integration test modules (accessors/measures/predicates/transformations/constructors) that run across SedonaDB/PostGIS/BigQuery where applicable.
• Added a checked-in BigQuery cache file and updated Python test extras to include pyyaml; removed the old ST_GeogPoint test from the generic functions suite.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 8 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
python/sedonadb/python/sedonadb/testing.py	Adds BigQuery engine and ArrowSQLCache YAML cache support.
python/sedonadb/tests/geography/test_geog_accessors.py	New geography accessor tests (e.g., ST_Area) across engines.
python/sedonadb/tests/geography/test_geog_measures.py	New geography measure tests (e.g., ST_Distance) across engines.
python/sedonadb/tests/geography/test_geog_predicates.py	New geography predicate tests (e.g., ST_Intersects) across engines.
python/sedonadb/tests/geography/test_geog_transformations.py	New geography transformation tests (e.g., ST_Centroid) across engines.
python/sedonadb/tests/geography/test_constructors_parsers_formatters.py	New geography constructor/formatter tests (e.g., ST_GeogPoint, ST_AsBinary).
python/sedonadb/tests/geography/bigquery_cache.yml	Adds cached BigQuery query results to run tests without a live BigQuery connection.
python/sedonadb/tests/functions/test_functions.py	Removes the older test_st_geogpoint from the generic functions tests.
python/sedonadb/pyproject.toml	Adds pyyaml to the test optional dependency group.

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