Python bindings to the Apache Ambari API

All syntax examples will assume you are using the client against the test host created by following the Ambari Quick Start Guide. I've set up a 5 node cluster which has hostnames c6401-c6405.ambari.apache.org. The examples will translate to other clusters, just the hostnames and number of hosts might change, obviously.

Basic API bindings design

The starting point for users is the Ambari class in ambariclient.client:

>>> from ambariclient.client import Ambari
>>> client = Ambari('c6401.ambari.apache.org', port=8080, username='admin', password='admin')

Ambari Shell

The Ambari Shell will automatically set up the ambari client for you and let you play around with the API to learn the syntax. To load it run the ambari-shell executable. It should have been put in a system path for you automatically at install time, but if you're just playing with the source code, you can call bin/ambari-shell directly. It is based on the IPython shell, so for more comprehensive documentation of all the capabilities provided by that, refer to the IPython documentation. Note that the shell functionality requires that you install IPython:

$ pip install IPython

Here is an

$ ambari-shell

Python 2.7.6 (default, Sep  9 2014, 15:04:36)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.39)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Logging level set to 50
Python 2.7.6 (default, Sep  9 2014, 15:04:36)
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 3.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.


Ambari client available as 'ambari'
 - Ambari Server is http://c6401.ambari.apache.org:8080
 - Ambari Version is 2.0.0

 - log(new_level) will reset the logger level
 - ambari_ref() will show you all available client method chains

In [1]:

You can then just reference the ambari variable as the client. The client is configurable via command-line options and/or a config file. The defaults are those for the Ambari Quick Start setup. Username and password are defaulted to admin, and the host is defaulted to http://c6401.ambari.apache.org:8080

You can override them by creating a JSON configuration file in $HOME/.ambari:

{
    "host": "my.ambari.server.com",
    "port": 80,
    "username": "my-username",
    "password": "my-password"
}

You can also pass in any of those options on the CLI:

$ ambari-shell --host http://my.ambari.server.com --username my-username --password my-password

Or you can specify some in the config file and then override some using the CLI switches.

You can also override the logger level by passing it in or putting it in the config file:

$ ambari-shell --logger INFO

To get more information about the switches, run ambari-shell --help

Basic Examples

All of the various resources are broken down into what are known as collections. Each collection contains one or more models, which represent resources in the Ambari API. For example, to get the usernames of all users in the system:

>>> for user in ambari.users:
...     user.user_name
...
u'admin'

You can get a specific model from a collection if you have the primary identifier for that model. So, for a user, the user_name is the primary identifier. To get the 'admin' user:

>>> user = ambari.users('admin')
>>> user.user_name
u'admin'

Each model can then, in turn, contain collections of models that are subordinate to it. In the case of users, there is a relationship to what are called privileges:

>>> for privilege in ambari.users('admin').privileges:
...     privilege.permission_name
...
u'AMBARI.ADMIN'

The API tries to mimic a promises-style API (also called futures). It will only load data when it is required to proceed. So, for example, in the previous example, we had to issue a GET request when we called privilege.permission_name because permission_name was not known until that point. However, if we simply needed to get the permission_id instead, that information is returned by the GET request on the user object. I'm including the relevant debug log statements to show the difference:

>>> for privilege in ambari.users('admin').privileges:
...     privilege.permission_name
...
DEBUG:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:"GET /api/v1/users/admin HTTP/1.1" 200 416
DEBUG:ambariclient.client:Response: {
  "href" : "http://c6401.ambari.apache.org:8080/api/v1/users/admin",
  "Users" : {
    "active" : true,
    "admin" : true,
    "groups" : [ ],
    "ldap_user" : false,
    "user_name" : "admin"
  },
  "privileges" : [
    {
      "href" : "http://c6401.ambari.apache.org:8080/api/v1/users/admin/privileges/1",
      "PrivilegeInfo" : {
        "privilege_id" : 1,
        "user_name" : "admin"
      }
    }
  ]
}
DEBUG:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:"GET /api/v1/users/admin/privileges/1 HTTP/1.1" 200 287
DEBUG:ambariclient.client:Response: {
  "href" : "http://c6401.ambari.apache.org:8080/api/v1/users/admin/privileges/1",
  "PrivilegeInfo" : {
    "permission_name" : "AMBARI.ADMIN",
    "principal_name" : "admin",
    "principal_type" : "USER",
    "privilege_id" : 1,
    "type" : "AMBARI",
    "user_name" : "admin"
  }
}
u'AMBARI.ADMIN'

Notice that two GET requests were sent to load the appropriate data. The first is sent as soon as you access the privileges attribute on ambari.users('admin'). Most people would expect it to be sent on ambari.users('admin') but at that point you aren't attempting to access any data unknown to the object, so no API call is sent. Accessing a relationship requires the object to be populated as the relationship data is often returned in the original request, saving a separate API call later. Now, back to the example:

>>> for privilege in ambari.users('admin').privileges:
...     privilege.privilege_id
...
DEBUG:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:"GET /api/v1/users/admin HTTP/1.1" 200 416
DEBUG:ambariclient.client:Response: {
  "href" : "http://c6401.ambari.apache.org:8080/api/v1/users/admin",
  "Users" : {
    "active" : true,
    "admin" : true,
    "groups" : [ ],
    "ldap_user" : false,
    "user_name" : "admin"
  },
  "privileges" : [
    {
      "href" : "http://c6401.ambari.apache.org:8080/api/v1/users/admin/privileges/1",
      "PrivilegeInfo" : {
        "privilege_id" : 1,
        "user_name" : "admin"
      }
    }
  ]
}
1

In this case, only the GET request for the user object was required, since it provided the needed privilege_id information.

The last concept you need to be aware of is the wait() method that exists on nearly all objects in the system, both collections and models. Calling wait() will force a sync operation to occur. What this means in practical terms is:

If the object is backed by a URL, it will be loaded with fresh data from the server
If the object had a method called on it that generated a Request object on the server (i.e. a long-running asynchronous process), it will poll that request until it is completed

The basic idea is to wait until the object is in a 'ready' state, so that it can be further acted upon. The method is designed for method-chaining, so you can do fun things like:

>>> host.components.install().wait().start().wait()

It's most-commonly useful after a create() call:

>>> cluster = ambari.clusters.create(name, blueprint=bp_name,
                                     host_groups=host_groups,
                                     default_password=pwd
                                    ).wait(timeout=1800, interval=30)

You can override the default timeout and interval settings if you have a good idea of how long you expect the process to take. Both values are in seconds. The default is to poll every 15s for an hour, which is often excessive.

Host bootstrapping

For testing things out, the bootstrap API is very useful. To start a bootstrap process using this library, it's pretty simple:

>>> hosts = ["c6401.ambari.apache.org", "c6402.ambari.apache.org", "c6403.ambari.apache.org", "c6404.ambari.apache.org"]
>>> ssh_key = ''
>>> with open("/path/to/insecure_private_key") as f:
...    ssh_key = f.read()
...
>>> bootstrap = ambari.bootstrap.create(hosts=hosts, sshKey=ssh_key, user='vagrant')
>>> bootstrap.wait()

There is no way to retrieve a list of bootstrap operations, so don't lose track of the one you started. This is a server-side API restriction:

>>> ambari.bootstrap.wait()
ambariclient.exceptions.MethodNotAllowed: HTTP request failed for GET http://c6401.ambari.apache.org:8080/api/v1/bootstrap: Method Not Allowed 405: {
  "status": 405,
  "message": "Method Not Allowed"
}

API Hierarchy

For reference, this is the currently-supported hierarchy of collections and models available for you to use. This list can be regenerated by calling reference() in the ambari-shell. We'll try to keep it up-to-date:

ambari.actions
ambari.actions(action_name)
ambari.alert_targets
ambari.alert_targets(id)
ambari.blueprints
ambari.blueprints(blueprint_name)
ambari.blueprints(blueprint_name).host_groups
ambari.blueprints(blueprint_name).host_groups(name)
ambari.bootstrap
ambari.bootstrap(requestId)
ambari.clusters
ambari.clusters(cluster_name)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).alert_definitions
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).alert_definitions(id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).alert_groups
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).alert_groups(id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).alert_history
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).alert_history(id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).alert_notices
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).alert_notices(id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).alerts
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).alerts(id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).configurations
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).configurations(type)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).host_components
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).host_components(component_name)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).hosts
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).hosts(host_name)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).hosts(host_name).alert_history
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).hosts(host_name).alert_history(id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).hosts(host_name).alerts
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).hosts(host_name).alerts(id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).hosts(host_name).components
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).hosts(host_name).components(component_name)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).privileges
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).privileges(privilege_id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).requests
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).requests(id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).requests(id).tasks
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).requests(id).tasks(id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).services
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).services(service_name)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).services(service_name).alert_history
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).services(service_name).alert_history(id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).services(service_name).alerts
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).services(service_name).alerts(id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).services(service_name).components
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).services(service_name).components(component_name)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).services(service_name).components(component_name).host_components
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).services(service_name).components(component_name).host_components(component_name)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).services(service_name).components(component_name).metrics
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).services(service_name).components(component_name).metrics(name)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).upgrades
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).upgrades(request_id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).upgrades(request_id).groups
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).upgrades(request_id).groups(group_id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).upgrades(request_id).groups(group_id).items
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).upgrades(request_id).groups(group_id).items(stage_id)
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).upgrades(request_id).groups(group_id).items(stage_id).tasks
ambari.clusters(cluster_name).upgrades(request_id).groups(group_id).items(stage_id).tasks(id)
ambari.groups
ambari.groups(group_name)
ambari.groups(group_name).members
ambari.groups(group_name).members(user_name)
ambari.hosts
ambari.hosts(host_name)
ambari.services
ambari.services(service_name)
ambari.services(service_name).components
ambari.services(service_name).components(component_name)
ambari.services(service_name).components(component_name).host_components
ambari.stacks
ambari.stacks(stack_name)
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions(stack_version)
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions(stack_version).operating_systems
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions(stack_version).operating_systems(os_type)
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions(stack_version).operating_systems(os_type).repositories
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions(stack_version).operating_systems(os_type).repositories(repo_id)
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions(stack_version).repository_versions
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions(stack_version).repository_versions(id)
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions(stack_version).services
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions(stack_version).services(service_name)
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions(stack_version).services(service_name).components
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions(stack_version).services(service_name).components(component_name)
ambari.stacks(stack_name).versions(stack_version).services(service_name).configurations
ambari.users
ambari.users(user_name)
ambari.users(user_name).privileges
ambari.users(user_name).privileges(privilege_id)
ambari.views
ambari.views(view_name)
ambari.views(view_name).versions
ambari.views(view_name).versions(version)
ambari.views(view_name).versions(version).instances
ambari.views(view_name).versions(version).instances(instance_name)
ambari.views(view_name).versions(version).permissions
ambari.views(view_name).versions(version).permissions(permission_id)

Testing

Since doing good unit tests for this library would require mocking pretty much the entire Ambari API, we didn't see a lot of benefit in that. There are some basic unit tests that will be expanded upon over time, but most testing is currently done manually.

$ tox -e py27
$ tox -e py33
$ tox -e

Ambari Versions

The goal of the client is to work with multiple versions of Ambari by smoothing out the differences for the user. The client can automatically detect the version of Ambari running on the server:

>>> ambari.version
('1', '7', '0')

This client has only been tested against Ambari 1.7+. If you need support for older versions, you might need to submit patches for anything that was changed after that time. Supporting anything prior to 1.6 is problematic as the basic method of creating clusters changed to require blueprints in that release, but if you have a good idea on how to make it seamless, then we can try to integrate the solution.

Python Versions

The goal is to support Python 2.7+ and 3.3+. I'm not opposed to adding 2.6 support, but someone else will need to do the work.

Command-Line Interface

A CLI was originally planned, but never implemented. Some methods that require a large JSON body are not amenable to a CLI, but we could easily build one for other methods if people want one. We replaced the idea with the Ambari Shell for now, but are open to revisiting this if demand is present.

aperrin66/python-ambariclient

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