i18n(ja): restore English SQL identifier names in headings/links

[yahonda]

What is changed, added or deleted? (Required)

Several SQL function names, information_schema table names, and optimizer-hint names had a word translated into katakana inside the ALL_CAPS_SNAKE identifier (e.g. TIDB_デコード_プラン, TIFLASH_レプリカ, JSON_ストレージサイズ, DDL_ジョブ, ストリーム_AGG, TIDB_ホットリージョン履歴). These are literal identifiers and must stay fully English.

Restore them to the exact English identifier (verified 1:1 against the English source and the doc headings), in headings and link text — 15 lines / 10 files:

TIDB_DECODE_PLAN / TIDB_DECODE_KEY / TIFLASH_REPLICA / TIFLASH_SEGMENTS / TIDB_INDEXES / TIDB_INDEX_USAGE / JSON_STORAGE_SIZE / DDL_JOBS / VITESS_HASH / TIDB_VERSION / TIDB_SHARD / STREAM_AGG / HASH_AGG / CLUSTER_TIDB_TRX / TIDB_HOT_REGIONS_HISTORY.

The heading anchors ({#tidb-decode-plan}, etc.) were already English and are unchanged.

Which TiDB version(s) do your changes apply to? (Required)

• master (the latest development version)
• v8.5 (TiDB 8.5 versions)
• v8.4 (TiDB 8.4 versions)
• v8.3 (TiDB 8.3 versions)
• v8.2 (TiDB 8.2 versions)
• v8.1 (TiDB 8.1 versions)
• v7.5 (TiDB 7.5 versions)
• v7.1 (TiDB 7.1 versions)
• v6.5 (TiDB 6.5 versions)

What is the related PR or file link(s)?

• This PR is translated from: N/A (Japanese-only fix; no English source change)
• Other reference link(s): part of the i18n-ja-release-8.5 machine-translation cleanup series

AI agent involvement

• The changes in this PR were primarily made by an AI agent on behalf of the PR author.

Do your changes match any of the following descriptions?

• Delete files
• Change aliases
• Need modification after applied to another branch
• Might cause conflicts after applied to another branch

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