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fix(indexes): fail unique index creation over duplicate rows - #998
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Database::createIndex() now rethrows UniqueException instead of swallowing it with the "index already exists" DuplicateException, so a unique index over duplicate rows fails without leaving metadata behind. Memory and Redis throw UniqueException for that case, and oversized index rows map to LimitException on Postgres (54000) and MariaDB/MySQL (1071) instead of a raw PDOException.
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Included review availability: This review used your included allowance. Your plan provides up to 1 included review per hour; 0 remain after this review. 📝 WalkthroughWalkthroughDatabase adapters now map duplicate-key errors during unique-index creation to ChangesIndex exception handling
Priority: ➖ Normal Estimated code review effort: 2 (Simple) | ~10 minutes Change: Bug fix Suggested reviewers: Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to Same-name index conflicts retain the existing-index handling, and failed nested-path unique-index creation does not get recorded as successful. No actionable merge-blocking risk remains. 🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1❌ Failed checks (1 warning)
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Review comments at @src/Database/Database.php:
- Around line 4834-4836: Update the unique-index creation error handling around
the `UniqueException` catch to distinguish an existing-index error from a
uniqueness violation before accepting the failure and persisting index metadata.
Ensure expression-based `23505` errors that `Postgres::getViolatedColumns()`
cannot classify do not proceed as though the index already exists.
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src/Database/Adapter/MariaDB.phpsrc/Database/Adapter/Memory.phpsrc/Database/Adapter/Postgres.phpsrc/Database/Adapter/Redis.phpsrc/Database/Database.php
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| } catch (UniqueException $e) { | ||
| // Existing rows violate the unique constraint, so no index was built. | ||
| throw $e; |
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🗄️ Data Integrity & Integration | 🟠 Major | 🏗️ Heavy lift
Do not accept an unclassified unique-index creation failure.
If a Postgres unique index uses a nested object path, its 23505 error can have an expression-based Key (...) detail. Postgres::getViolatedColumns() then returns null, and Postgres::processException() returns DuplicateException rather than UniqueException. The following catch treats that failure as an existing index and persists metadata for an index that was not created. Distinguish an existing-index error from a uniqueness violation at the adapter boundary before accepting DuplicateException here. This is also identified as a remaining case in the PR objectives.
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Review comment at @src/Database/Database.php around lines 4834 - 4836:
Update the unique-index creation error handling around the `UniqueException`
catch to distinguish an existing-index error from a uniqueness violation before
accepting the failure and persisting index metadata. Ensure expression-based
`23505` errors that `Postgres::getViolatedColumns()` cannot classify do not
proceed as though the index already exists.
After applying the fix, consider running `coderabbit review --agent` for local
review. Visit https://docs.coderabbit.ai/cli?utm_source=ghpr
Postgres, MariaDB/MySQL and Mongo now map a unique violation raised by createIndex() to UniqueException directly instead of relying on processException() to parse the violated key. On Postgres a nested object path key is an expression, and on MariaDB/MySQL a localized message names no key, so both came back as a plain DuplicateException that Database::createIndex() tolerated as an existing index, keeping metadata for an index that was never built. "Index already exists" and document-level duplicates are unchanged.
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Refs appwrite/appwrite#8119
Database::createIndex()has acatch (DuplicateException) {}to tolerate an index that already exists physically.UniqueExceptionextendsDuplicate, and the adapters raise it whenCREATE UNIQUE INDEXhits existing duplicate rows (Postgres 23505, MariaDB/MySQL 1062, Mongo 11000), so that failure was swallowed too: the index was added to collection metadata,createIndex()returned true, no physical index existed and duplicates kept being accepted.createIndex()now rethrowsUniqueExceptionbefore theDuplicatecatch; a genuine "index already exists" is still tolerated. The adapter call runs before the metadata write, so a failed unique index leaves no metadata behind. Memory and Redis threw a plainDuplicateExceptionfor this case on purpose and now throwUniqueExceptionwith their existing message. Separately, oversized index rows surfaced as rawPDOExceptions whose messages include internal table and index names: Postgres SQLSTATE 54000 with an "index row" message now maps toLimitException('Index row size exceeds the maximum'), and MariaDB/MySQL error 1071 maps toLimitException('Index key length exceeds the maximum'). The Postgres mapping also covers document writes, so inserting or updating a value too large for a btree-indexed column now raises thatLimitExceptionand is no longer retried bywithTransaction. SQLite is unchanged: itscreateIndexdoesn't go throughprocessExceptionand never swallowed this.Before/after with a throwaway script against my own containers:
true, metadata["uniq_s"], no physical index, a third duplicate insert acceptedUnique(23505) "Unique index violation", metadata[]PDOException54000 naming internal relationsLimit(54000) "Index row size exceeds the maximum"true+ metadata, no indexUnique, metadata[]true+ metadataUniquePDOException1071Limit"Index key length exceeds the maximum"true+ metadataUnique(11000), metadata[]true+ metadataUnique, metadata[]Shared tables on Postgres and MariaDB also give
Uniquewith metadata[]. The targeted suites (Index|Unique filters with their dependencies) pass: Postgres 73 tests / 543 assertions, MariaDB 72 / 482, MySQL 72 / 482, MongoDB 72 / 478, Redis 72 / 448 (2 skipped on each of those four, no object indexes), Memory 80, SharedTables Postgres 72, SharedTables MariaDB 72 (2 skipped), and the unitUniqueViolationTest15. No existing test needed changing;MemoryTestexpectsDuplicateExceptionand still passes sinceUniqueis a subclass. Pint and PHPStan level 7 pass on the changed files.Caveats: MariaDB 10.11 only emits a note for 1071 and truncates the index, so that mapping is only reachable on MySQL 8, where it was observed. Redis was covered by its test suite, not by the before/after script. The SQL and Mongo adapters report the generic "Unique index violation" message. On Postgres, a unique index on a nested object path is still swallowed:
getViolatedColumns()can't parse an expression key such asKey (((p -> 'user'::text) ->> 'email'::text))=(a), so it surfaces as a plainDuplicateException; that predates this change and isn't covered here. Also on Postgres, when two callers create the same index name at once, the loser can get 23505 onpg_class_relname_nsp_index, which is now rethrown instead of tolerated; Appwrite creates each index from a single job, so the impact is low. The 54000 check matches the English "index row" text, so with a non-Englishlc_messagesit falls back to the rawPDOException, as today.Follow-up: a unique violation raised while creating an index is now reported as
Uniqueon Postgres, MariaDB/MySQL and Mongo even when the violated key is an expression, which closes the nested object path caveat above. With the same script, a Postgres unique index onprofile.user.emailover two equal values went fromtrue, metadata["uniq_email"], no physical index and a third duplicate insert accepted, toUnique(23505) with metadata[]; the targeted suites still pass on Postgres, MariaDB, MySQL and MongoDB, with and without shared tables.In Appwrite this makes a unique index over duplicate data end
failedwith that message instead ofavailablewith no index. Appwrite picks it up with a utopia-php/database bump after the release containing it.Summary by CodeRabbit